engleski

Radioiodine therapy

Radioiodine (cyclotron produced I-131) was first used for the treatment of hyperthyroidism in 1941 by Hertz and Roberts. In early 1950s I-131 became widely available to clinicians as a by-product of atomic bomb production. Extensive experiences established it as an effective, practical and inexpensive agent for treatment of hyperthyroidism. The success of therapy stems for the unique avidity of the thyroid gland for iodine. Other organs (salivary glands, gastric mucous and urinary system) sequester modest quantities of iodine and retain them for the short periods. Iodine-131 emits beta particles that deposit 90% of their total radiation energy within a sphere less than 1 cm from decaying radioiodine atom. I-131 emits gamma photons also that can be measured with external radiation detectors. Its physical half-life of 8 days makes it good for easy, safe and reproducible treatments that can be given to outpatients. The radiation delivered by I-131 is sufficiently penetrating to overcome limitations imposed by heterogeneity of radioiodine concentrations within the hyperfunctioning thyroid gland. Today radioiodine therapy is used for treatments of hyperthyroidism and differentiated thyroid cancer.

thyroid; therapy; I-131; ablation; dose

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