engleski

Non-chemical control - effective and ecologicaly acceptable approach of potato cyst nematode control

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a major world crop the yield of which greatly depends on growing management strategies but also on many pests, including quarantine potato cyst nematodes (PCN) Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behrens, 1975 and Globodera pallida (Stone, 1973) Behrens, 1975. The integrated management strategies in the control of PCN involve the cultivation of resistant potato cultivars, trap cropping, crop rotation and use of nematicides - which should be applied only if necessary, because of their cost, toxicity and/or other drawbacks. In order to define the efficacy of non-chemical treatments in control of PCN in infested potato fields, two field trials were conducted in 2002 and 2003. Prior to planting and at potato harvest, the fields were examined for the presence of PCN by soil sampling, followed by extraction of cysts by Spears's flotation technique and determination of cyst viability. The efficacy of treatments in field trials was determined by Henderson - Tilton and was analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test (DMRT, P<0.05). Resistant cultivars tested were Agria, Camilla, Colette, Fianna, Laura, Marabel, Romula and Vineta. In 2002, the high efficacy (84.00-94.75%) in control of the initial PCN population was recorded at all resistant cultivars, except for the cultivar Agria (54.33%). In 2003, the efficacy of resistant cultivars in the control of G. rostochiensis was 80.25-95.67%, in the case of trap cropping it was 85.00% and of crop rotation 91.25%. Because of high results in the control of G. rostochiensis, obtained by tested non-chemical control measures, the use of nematicides should be applied only if necessary. Potato yields of resistant cultivars varied considerably, 9.03– 22.16 t ha-1 in 2002 and 6.55-11.48 t ha-1 in 2003, which could be attributed to their different tolerances to the parasitism of G. rostochiensis. In order to choose more suitable resistant cultivars, considering the initial population of PCN in infested fields, and to avoid the use of nematicides for ensuring satisfactory yields, such investigations should be continued.

Solanum tuberosum; potato; Globodera rostochiensis; PCN; non-chemical control; resistant cultivars; trap cropping; crop rotation

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