engleski

Globalization of Politics

Globalization as mostly economic, but also political, cultural and social process that flows mainly from most developed to other societies comprises interpolation of similar social and political structures, patterns and norms in different social and cultural contexts. Rapid development of industry, IT and communication technologies caused tight linkages and mutual interdependency. New integrations and global cultural and political patterns dissolute local economies, political orders and cultures and homogenize the world and cause the resistance to globalization in various forms. Globalization shapes democratization economically (through the establishment of a global capitalist economy), politically (through the establishment of institutions of global governance) and culturally (through the creation of a global communication network and global culture). But its pressures toward democracy are ending at formal level (political democracy and free market) and not going toward substantive democracy (includes democratic values, political and civil rights, democratic procedure, tolerance, public control over political power). That way, democratization could be seen as a process of adjusting underdeveloped world to the interests of powerful and gaining control over it (westernization). In that process, institutions of global governance (IMF, WB, and WTO) has a very significant role. Neoliberalism and its reliance in a free market as best allocation mechanism serves interests of the most powerful and it deepening the gap between world's developed and underdeveloped and reduces perspectives for liberal democracy, contrary of its proclamations. Mighty multinational companies as main exponents of globalization operate as transnational subjects out of political (democratic) control of any state or political system and significantly influence national government’ s policies and new world order as well. These issues are expressed as problems of governance and control at functional level (international economic and financial organizations) and also at political level (legitimacy problems, i.e. problems of decision making process and lack of democratic control over it as well as absence of responsibility of multinational corporations). This is main point of ambivalent nature of globalization and its main inherent contradiction. Accommodation to global processes is necessity, but actors of globalization and institutions of global governance have to be submitted to democratic control through the democratic procedure.

Globalization, democratization, neoliberalism, institutions of global governance, national state, powerful and underdeveloped

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