hrvatski

Okluzijske sheme za protetske radove nošene implantatima

The aim of prosthetic therapy is to create an illusion of natural health, to establish the physiology and esthetics of the masticatory system and psychological calamity and security of the patient. These goals should always be in focus. Each dentist that uses implant treatment must pose a question whether implant placement is the best treatment choice, or could the situation be resolved with conventional means. Dental implants and implant-borne prosthetics are today accepted as long-term predictable prosthetic-restaurative solution with advantages and disadvantages on scientific and professional levels. Implant-borne prosthetics represent a challenge since a clinician has a possibility to decide on the size and shape of the occlusal surface (scheme) ; to decide on the number, position, size and orientation of the implants ; to modify the quantity and architecture of the bone. Two main etiological reasons that lead to implant failure are bacterial infection and local biomechanical factors that are correlated to implant overload. The role of the occlusion is, therefore, of great importance for different types of prosthetic constructions, especially since it is often disregarded in the clinical work. Natural teeth have periodontal proprioceptors that protect the teeth and their periodontia from the overload that causes trauma of the supporting bone. Although there are many factors included in neuromuscular activities in the natural dentition, there are no specific defense mechanisms to occlusal forces in implant-supported occlusion. Therefore, a poor occlusal scheme on dental implants can lead to failures, but when known prosthetic postulates are used, implants serve with high success rates. The aim of this presentation was to review the occlusal concepts (bilateral, unilateral, canine guidance and “ implant occlusion” ) that can be used in different prosthetic reconstructions on implants (from single tooth replacement to complete oral rehabilitation). The accent was on biomechanical postulates of the occlusion that are complementing the systematic, individualized treatment plan and precise surgical procedures.

implntologija; dentalna; endoosealna; okluzija; žvačna sila; biomehanika

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