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"Society as an Organism:" Metaphor as Departure Point of Andrija Štampar’ s Health Ideology

Štampar was one of the most charismatic figures in 20th century public health, and a typical representative of social medical ideology at the crossing over 19th to 20th century. His ideas, resulted in foundation of health-related institutions in Croatia but also world-wide. In 1927, with the help of a large grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, he opened the School of Public Health and the Institute of Hygiene in Zagreb. Andrija Štampar (1888-1958) was among the leading figures in Croatian medicine whose endeavors and sociomedical ideas found fertile ground and left a mark not only in national, but also in international setting. As a young man, he started publishing programmatic and popular science articles, promulgating his beliefs about social medicine and health enlightenment he continued to follow for the rest of his life. Using the preserved corpus of Štampar’ s published work, I analyzed the use of metaphor “ society as an organism” as a basic instrument of expression of Štampar’ s health ideology. Štampar’ s language and metaphorics are clearly time- and context-dependent. On the one hand, they reflect a specific manner of expression characteristic of sociomedical framework and health enlightenment, which spread across the world at the turn of the 20th century. On the other, they are heavily influenced by national zeitgeist at the time, particularly writers such as A. M. Relković, Josip and Ivan Kozarac, and T. G. Masaryk. Organicistic approach to society and social diseases at the turn of the 20th century shaped both the unquestionable faith in the importance of disease prevention and the physicians’ approach. Thereby, the metaphor “ society as an organism” became a global movement and specific cultural ethos of health protection, with Štampar as the leading representative in national and international context.

History of medicine; public health-history; Andrija Štampar (1888-1958); Croatia; health enlightenment; social medicine; metaphor; 20th century

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