engleski

Respecting Boundaries, Crossing Boundaries: The Implementation of Intangible Cultural Heritage in South-Eastern Europe

In this paper I analyze discourses and practices of interventions within UNESCO’ s program for safeguarding intangible cultural heritage. The program stresses respect for diverse communities and groups, and their authority in defining their heritage ; it appreciates processes in a community instead of its reified products, and celebrates cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue. I examine these notions by looking into the implementation of UNESCO’ s program in South-Eastern Europe. I argue that politics of intervention, be it in the name of the most humanistic ideals, such as the case with UNESCO’ s example, cannot solve tensions between affirmation and antidiscrimination, human and cultural rights, cultural diversity and intercultural dialogue, intellectual property and common good, speech in the name of pluralizing and work in essentializing. Similar tensions, already from the issue of identifying the tradition and community onwards, are considerably present in analyses of ethnographic disciplines, ethnomusicology among them, although they have at their disposal a much more nuanced analytical and interpretative tools. Therefore, it is not that UNESCO could or should respond differently to the challenges of tradition, community, heritage, boundaries, diversity, and other key notions, respect the self- identification of communities and processual nature of their traditions. Rather, it seems that the main – humanistic yet realistic – effect of the UNESCO’ s program is in supporting the tourist expediency of national heritage production in the context of managed multiculturalism of difference. This is a trajectory of respecting the acknowledged boundaries between communities and cultures, but also crossing them – in terms of imbuing the local with a universal value and message, that is, producing the local appropriate for global understanding. // U prilogu analiziram diskurse i prakse interventiranja u okviru UNESCO-va programa zaštite nematerijalne kulture baštine. Program naglašava uvažavanje raznolikih zajednica i skupina te njihov autoritet u definiranju vlastite baštine ; cijeni procese u zajednici umjesto postvarenih produkata i slavi kulturnu raznolikost i međukulturni dijalog. Te ideje propitujem fokusirajući se na implementaciju UNESCO-va program u jugoistočnoj Europi. Utvrđujem kako politike interveniranja, makar se odvijale u ime najhumanističkijih ideala, kakav je i UNESCO-v primjer, ne mogu riješiti tenzije između afirmacije i antidiskriminacije, ljudskih i kulturnih prava, kulturne raznolikosti i međukulturnog dijaloga, intelektualnog vlasništva i općeg dobra, govorenja u ime pluralizma i djelovanja u pravcu esencijalizma. Srodne su tenzije, već od pitanja identificiranja tradicije i zajednice pa nadalje, uvelike prisutne i u analizama etnografskih disciplina, uključivo i etnomuzikologiju, premda one raspolažu mnogo istančanijim analitičkim i interpretativnim alatima. Nije stoga riječ o tomu da bi UNESCO mogao ili trebao drukčije odgovoriti na izazove tradicije, zajednice, baštine, granica, raznolikosti i drugih ključnih pojmova, uvažavati samoidentifikaciju zajednica i procesnost njihovih tradicija. Radije, čini se da je glavni – humanistički no realistički – učinak UNESCO-va programa u potpori turističkoj iskoristivosti nacionalne produkcije baštine u kontekstu upravljanog multikulturalizma razlike. Riječ je o putanji poštivanja ovjerenih granica među zajednicama i kulturama, ali i njihova prelaženja – u smislu ispunjavanja lokalnoga univerzalnom vrijednošću i porukom, to jest, produciranja lokalnoga prikladnoga za globalno razumijevanje.

intangible cultural heritage; UNESCO; Souteastern Europe; multiculturalism; community

izlaganje na engleskom, sažetak na engleskom i hrvatskom