engleski

Productive and chemical properties of sunflower hybrids

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is main field crop for edible oil production in Croatia. Environmental factors have a great influence on sunflower production, especially amount and distribution of precipitations during the vegetation period, what proving three-year results of sunflower macro trials at Sopot (PIK Vinkovci d.d.). Among analyzed years, 2005 was distinctly weather unfavourable year for sunflower production. In this research are presented results of eight commercial sunflower hybrids from different breeding companies (Heliasol, Apolon, PR63A90, Opera, LG 5385, Favorit, Fleuret and NS-H-111) in macro trials at Sopot (2004-2006) as well as in micro trial (2005) at the Agricultural Institute Osijek. In 2005 macro trial, grain yield and oil content were remarkably less in respect to 2004 and 2006, what resulted in reduced oil yield in 2005 for about 60% in 2004 and 2006 respectively. In micro trial, alongside before harvesting, on heads of 100 successive plants, pathogens Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea are visually estimated. Heliasol and PR63A90 showed the highest tolerance to these pathogens. Plant height over 200 cm had PR63A90 and NS-H-111 (220 and 219 cm), while the largest head diameter NS-H-111 (22 cm). The largest hectoliter mass had Apolon, Heliasol and Opera (41.2, 39.5 and 39.5 kg), and mass of 1000 grains Fleuret, LG 5385 and Favorit (67.0, 63.6 and 62.4 g). Oil content over 50% in dry matter had Apolon, Heliasol, LG 5385 and Opera (52.30, 51.81, 51.54 and 50.12%). Fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. The highest content of linoleic acid has Apolon (72.6%), then PR63A90 and Heliasol (71.6 and 70.6%). Towards content of oleic acid, NS-H-111 has 25.4%, and then follow LG 5385 (25.0%) and Fleuret (24.7%). The highest content of stearic acid has Favorit (4.8%), and then follows Fleuret (4.2%). PR63A90 has the highest content of palmitic acid (6.5%), followed by Favorit (6.1%).

sunflower; diseases; grain and oil yield; oil content; fatty acids

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