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Propolis and its flavonoid compounds cause cytotoxicity on human urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma in primary culture

Background and purpose: The flavonoids present in propolis are considered to be rich source of chemopreventive agents, since they have various therapeutic biological activities. This study was carried out to find whether propolis and its polyphenolic/flavonoids compounds may induce cytotoxicity in primary culture of human urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) cells as compared to normal urinary bladder epithelial cells. Material and methods: Pieces of TCC or normal bladder epithelial tissue were collected by transurethral surgery from patients in different stages (grade G1, G2, G3) of TCC. Single cells suspension from pieces of either TCC or normal bladder epithelial tissue was prepared according standard laboratory procedure. Incubation for cytotoxicity testing were carried out in RPMI-1640 medium with 20% FCS at 37˚ C with 5% CO2 with or without different concentration (50, 150, 300 µ ; g/ml) of test components. Results. The cytotoxicity of two preparations of propolis (water and ethanolic extract of propolis ; WSDP or EEP) and its polyphenolic compounds (caffeic acid, naringin, chrysin, and quercetin) was determined using trypan blue exclusion assay. Findings suggest that EEP is the most effective in inhibition of urinary bladder TCC cell proliferation as compared to WSDP or single flavonoids derived from propolis. All test components showed no cytotoxic effect on normal epithelial cells. Conclusions. The result of this study may provide great impact on the potential activity of EEP as an adjuvant to surgery, to suppress or prevent tumour recurrence in urinary bladder since only a few anti-cancer drugs have been effective in tumour control. Since immunomodulation by BCG has been used to improve the results of surgery it is likely that propolis preparation (EEP) as immunomodulating compound may be a substitute for mycobacterial treatment since propolis preparation or its polyphenolic components have expressed no side effect after treatment. However, the exact cancer chemoprevention mechanisms of propolis effectiveness have to be elucidated.

Propolis; Flavonoids; Human urinary bladder cancer; Cytotoxicity; Primary culture

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