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A Note on Some Pre-Roman Sources of Medieval art in Slavonia

The aim of this study is to raise consciousness about the pre-Classical sources of medieval art, Romanesque sculpture in particular. The author has selected several examples of sculpture from two key southern Pannonian sites, the Benedictine abbey of Rudina, and the Cathedral of Pécs. Rudina has rightly been recognized as the key site of the Romanesque in Slavonia, especially for its collection of bracket heads in a very unique and expressive style. Among them the so-called “Cat” with three faces, finds direct analogies with Celtic stone and clay sculpture, and the eyes of many Rudina pieces, as well as of those of Glogovnica, are analogous to those of the three-headed pearls find on the Iapodic territory (Croatian Huighlands), and to some other Pre-Historic materials (Gornja Vrbica). This is also true of some of the brackets from Pécs, which show certain similarities in terms of concept and format with Rudina. A small sample of Romanesque sculpture between the Sava and the Drava Rivers has yielded some very firm analogies with the pre-Roman materials, so this is in an avenue of research which may be profitably applied on a larger European scale.

Romanesque; Slavonia; Pannonia; Rudina; Pécs; Glogovnica; Croatia; Medieval sculpture; the Celts

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