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Classification and differentiation of grape marc distillates according to varietal origin on the basis of volatile compounds analysis

In order to characterize and differentiate monovarietal grape marc distillates produced by the traditional alembic distillation from three Istrian (Croatia) autochthonous grape varieties, the volatile composition was determined for 15 samples. Analyses were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame-ionization detector (GC-FID) after extraction with dichloromethane. Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied to obtained gas-chromatographic data, revealing a very good separation between three groups of samples according to varietal origin. The most important contributors to the differentiation of Malvazija istarska distillates were methanol, 1-propanol, C6-hexen-1-ols, and particular long-chain fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters, Muškat ruža porečki distillates were characterized by higher monoterpenol content, while Teran distillates exhibited composition richer in sesquiterpenes, ethyl and isoamyl esters of middle-chain fatty acids, 2-phenylethyl acetate, and diethyl succinate.

monovarietal grape marc distillates; volatile compounds; GC-MS; PCA; LDA

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