engleski

Preliminary testing of the new Bc winter wheat lines for resistance to fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum Schw.)

Diseases caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium spp. inflict heavy damages in many wheat growing regions world wide. Fungi of the genus Fusarium produce micotoxins (DON, ZEN) that have harmful effect on health of humans and domestic animals. The spread of this disease is the result of intensive growth of semi-dwarf wheat varieties in the narrow maize-wheat rotation. Among the measures of control of this disease breeding for resistance is one of the most important. Development of reliable techniques of artificial inoculation is a prerequisite for wheat breeding for disease resistance to be able to test a large number of materials in the breeding process. Every year about 1000 wheat genotypes are tested under conditions of artificial inoculation with Fusarium graminearum Schw. in the Bc Institute. The most yielding and the most resistant lines with other good agronomic traits were screened in preliminary trials to be tested in exact trial (Fig. 1.). In exact trial conducted in four replications in Botinec in 2008., 25 most yielding winter wheat lines were planted under conditions of artificial inoculation with Fusarum graminearum Schw. (Fig 2.). The aim of this investigations was to compare resistance degree to fusarium head blight of the wheat lines from the exact trial with the resistance scores of the lines from preliminary trials in 2007. Significant differences in resistance degree among the tested wheat lines were obtained in the 2008. trial. Visual rating of infection (VRI) ranged from 0, 58 to 47, 81. The most resistant lines were Bc 14 (<x> = 3, 71), Bc 12 (<x> = 3, 85) and Bc 1 (<x> = 8, 25), followed by Bc 18 (<x> = 13, 77), Bc 17 (<x> = 14, 27) and Bc 9 (<x> = 14, 44) (Table 1.). A strong correlative association between wheat lines of resistance to fusarium head blight in exact trial and in preliminary investigations (r = 0, 69) was obtained, which proves that the preliminary results were reliable (Fig. 3.). Artificial inoculation technique of wheat and the evaluation of fusarium head blight by using visual rating of infection (VRI) was suitable for testing a large number of wheat lines.

winter wheat; fusarium head blight; breeding; resistance; preliminary testing; exact testing

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