engleski

Development of sport performance in the olympic games women discus throw finalists

The constant follow-up and the recording of the best results represent the basis for the analysis of these results and the rational prognostication of sport performance. The analysis of the progression of results is also important because it helps to identify the relationship between sport performance and the social, economic, technological and other factors that influence the development of sports (Wazni, 1978). The termination of the aforementioned progression of sport performance is not difficult in accurately measurable sport events (swimming, weight-lifting, athletics, etc.), where the results are achieved in standard conditions prescribed in the Regulations Book of the given event and are measured by accurate distance-measuring means and electronic devices. The progression of results in any sport may be observed from various aspects: the development of the best result in each year, the development of a world record and the development of results achieved at the Olympic Games. The competition in throwing events in athletics takes place in standardized conditions (weight of the implements, the diameter of the circle from which an implement is thrown, the length of the run-up, etc.) that are determined by the rules of the International Athletics Federation. The athletes are ranked on the basis of the results meticulously measured by means of accurate devices. The dynamics of the progression of results in athletics is characterised by certain cyclic oscillations (Wazni, 1978). These oscillations are connected with the Olympic Games and with role that they have in sport. The Olympic Games represent an incident of a special encounter of various training systems and of the theory and practice of sports conditioning applied in certain countries. Although the results achieved in athletics are suitable for the registration and for the follow-up of the progression of sport performance, as well as the prognosis of results, the survey of professional and scientific literature may help to conclude that not enough attention was paid to this issue (Harasin, 2002). A large number of factors influence the dynamics of a result in sports, so that no suggestion of an appropriate mathematical model that would explain the mechanism of this process can be accepted (Zatsiorsky, 1973). The tempo of the development of results depends primarily on the degree of the technical complexity of an event and on the technology of the conditioning training aimed at developing the capacities that are important for the given event (Wazni, 1978). The analysis of the progression of results in certain periods makes it possible to conclude that there exist four factors that influence the development of results in athletics: The level of the knowledge of the training processes, the changes that occur in athletics-related techniques, developmental characteristics of the population and the changes of sportswear and of sport equipment (Dyer, 1989). The goal of this research study was to determine the curve of the development of Olympic results in women discus throw events from the year 1928 to the year 2004. The dynamics of the development of sports performance will be evidenced on the basis of collected final results achieved at all Olympic Games above mentioned. This dynamic will be obtained by analyzing the trend of the development of the mean of results achieved by the finalists. It will be attempted to determine the regularities that influenced the dynamics the progression of results in women discus throw. In order to prepare an athlete that has the capacity to fight for an Olympic medal in the year 2008 one should at least approximately know what level of sport performance the competition will take place. This knowledge will make it possible for a coach to determine the model of preparedness of an athlete who is prognosticated to be able to achieve the anticipated result, to select the discus throwers and consequently to program and apply an adequate technology of the preparation process.

discus throw ; olympic game

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