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Abundance of IFN-alfa and IFN-gamma Gene Transcripts and Absence of IL-2 Transcripts in Blood of Chickens Vaccinated with Live or Inactivated NDV

As immune responses to live and inactivated vaccines might differ, temporal responses of broilers to vaccination were examined by abundance of gene transcripts in circulating blood of IFN-alfa, IFN-gamma and IL-2, critical cytokines for immune responses. Blood samples were collected 6, 12 and 24 h, and 7 and 14 d following vaccination with either live or inactivated Newcastle disease virus, La Sota strain, at 14 days of age, and the abundance of transcripts for each cytokine was assayed by real-time RT-PCR. Physiological saline and vaccine emulsion without viral antigen were administered to control groups for live and inactivated vaccine groups, respectively. Abundance of IFN-gamma transcripts was elevated during the early times following vaccination and had reached baseline by the seventh day but abundance of IFN-alfatranscripts remained elevated. Transcripts for both IFN genes were not detected in control birds. The abundance of transcripts for each IFN was not different between the two vaccinated groups at any time. Transcripts for IL-2 were detected only in spleens from chicken embryos that had been inoculated with the live virus. The results show that cells stimulated to produce IFN-alfa and IFN-gamma enter the circulating blood but those stimulated to produce IL-2 do not, or in very low number, and the IFN responses to both vaccines are the same.

chicken; Newcastle disease; vaccine; IFN-alfa; IFN-gamma; IL-2; real-time RT-PCR

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