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Laser produced plasmas and applications

The research field of laser produced plasmas (LPP) grows constantly since the advent of laser 50 years ago. Now it covers the range of plasma temperatures and densities from cold plasmas, relativistic to very dense and hot plasmas [1-3]. The applications are therefore also spread over a very broad range from everyday light sources, emerging X-ray sources, towards future inertial fusion. In domain of nanotechnology, the thin film and nanoparticle production or simple surface modification are usually achieved with moderate laser pulsed energy and intensity [4, 5]. Here laser produced plasmas by means of nanosecond lasers (4 ns – 20 ns) of pulse energy up to 200 mJ will be discussed [6-18]. Such a laser beams can give about 50 MW per pulse, or typically with focused beam, intensity of about 20-50 GW/cm-2. This typically produces electrical fields of the order of 105 V/cm. Such focused laser intensities are already sufficient to vaporize and make plasma of practically any material. The plasma as it is formed at the early beginning of the pulse simultaneously starts to expand. At any time after, the density of electrons falls off exponentially and the later parts of the light pulse starts to interact with the plasma plume.

Laser produced plasmas; pulsed laser deposition; underwater laser ablation; CRDS spectroscopy

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