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Introduction to Physical Therapy in Small Animals (CROSBI ID 567792)

Prilog sa skupa u zborniku | sažetak izlaganja sa skupa

Vrbanac, Zoran Introduction to Physical Therapy in Small Animals // Materialy Konferencyjne XVIII Kongres Medycyny Weterynaryjnej Malych Zwierat PSLWMZ / Aleksiewicz, Roman ; Rychlik, Andrzej (ur.). Varšava: PSLWMZ Lublin, 2010. str. 269-272

Podaci o odgovornosti

Vrbanac, Zoran

engleski

Introduction to Physical Therapy in Small Animals

INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL THERAPY IN SMALL ANIMALS Methods of physical therapy are well known and used in humans as a part of rehabilitation.Animal physical therapy has become a developing field of veterinary practice, recomended in recovery from musculoskeletal injuries, orthopedic surgeries, neurological disorders, and for managing pain. The goal of rehabilitation is to apply physical therapy techniques to animal patients suffering from pain, injury, movement abnormalities, or recovering from surgical treatments, and returning them to normal function and their previous level of activity as possible. Almost all methods already used in human rehabilitation can be applied on animals, of course, in a somehow modified way. The rehabilitation begins with the evaluation of each patient, including medical history, medications, physical exam, specialist’s findings, and owner expectations and level of involvement. This allows the veterinarian to understand what is going on with the animal in order to determine an appropriate rehabilitation program. Treatment protocols may include pain medications and supplements, different methods and modalities depending on diagnosis. Owners are encouraged to take an active role in the animal's recovery by following the instructions during at home. Massage Massage techniques manipulate muscles and soft tissue, and may be applied to animals to any part of the body. It is important that the animal is placed in a comfortable position, so relaxation is possible. The benefits of massage include the release of muscle tension, improved blood and lymphatic circulation, and muscle flexibility. Techniques that include stroking, kneading and circling are usually performed on animals. The duration of session varies and depends on animal’s behavior. Therapeutic excersises Excersise is a valuable element in the process of returning the animal to optimum funuction after injury, surgery or disease. They don`t require a lot of equipment, can be carried out with different helping aids ( physioball, obstacles) and also at home by the owner. Appropriate excersises can improve range of motion, muscle strength, muscle mass, balance, endurance. The forms include passive, active assisted and active excersise, depending on the condition of animal and its ability to perform different exercises. Thermotherapy/Cryotherapy Thermal modalities can be used as a superficial (hot-cold packs) or deep (ultrasound and shortwave diathermy) procedures. Superficial forms are easy to be carried out in the practice and also by the owner. Heat can be used for pain relief, and also before therapeutic exercises, to help improve the flexibility of the joint, tendons and ligaments. The use of heat leads to hyperemia due to vasodilatation and an acceleration of the nerve conduction velocity. Cold therapy is most useful in the acute phase of inflammation ; it leads to a decrease in local blood flow and a decelerated nerve conduction velocity, which influence pain sensation. Cold is used after surgery and after therapeutic exercises to prevent swelling and pain. Electrotherapy The use of current as a physical therapy modality is very useful in treating conditions causing muscle atrophy or pain. The term electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) reffears to a stimulation of a denervated muscle trough its muscle fibers while neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a stimulation of a motor nerve causing muscle contraction . Pain managment can be obtained by using TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) and its analgesic effect is explained on the principles of the gate control theory. The use of electrical stimulation units designed for humans is possible, although machines for the use in animals are available as well. In general the treatment can be performed directly on the painful areas as well as by stimulating the segmental nerves. The size and placement of the electrodes depends on the size of treated area, as well on the type of stimulation performed. Coupling agent and a clipped hair are necessary for the desired effect of electro stimulation. Hydrotherapy Includes using swimming, underwater treadmills or water activity and massage to provide a range of motion or exercise to limbs, bones, joints, muscles or nerves. The use of water is one of the most useful forms of rehabilitation therapy, especially in recovering from musculosceletal and neurological conditions. The properties of water ensure the effect of hydrotherapy on the body – buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, relative density, viscosity, resistance and surface tension. Benefits of water therapy are many, such as improvement of strenght, endurance, joint range of motion, well being of animal. Water puts the animal in a weightless environment that promotes the use of the limbs, and provides a range of motion and movement generally not attainable with normal exercise or rehabilitation programs. Dogs that refuse to put weight on, or even use a leg following surgery will typically use the leg without any discomfort in the water. The most used modality of hydrotherapy is the underwater treadmill, a hydrotherapy basin which enables the animal to walk trough water. The water in the underwater treadmill or a hydrotherapy pool should be at the temperature between 28°C to 30°C so the thermal effect is achieved as well.

physical therapy; small animals; methods

Sažetak je u zborniku preveden na poljski jezik.

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Podaci o prilogu

269-272.

2010.

objavljeno

Podaci o matičnoj publikaciji

Materialy Konferencyjne XVIII Kongres Medycyny Weterynaryjnej Malych Zwierat PSLWMZ

Aleksiewicz, Roman ; Rychlik, Andrzej

Varšava: PSLWMZ Lublin

978-83-927974-1-8

Podaci o skupu

XVIII Kongres Medycyny Weterynaryjnej Malych Zwierat PSLWMZ

pozvano predavanje

08.10.2010-10.10.2010

Varšava, Poljska

Povezanost rada

Veterinarska medicina