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Molecular phylogeny of Campanula pyramidalis complex (Campanulaceae): taxonomic and biogeographic implications

Campanula pyramidalis complex (also considered as rapunculoid aggregate or subsection of the Campanulaceae family) is group that includes three closely related and morphologically similar species (C. pyramidalis L., C. versicolor Sibth. & Sm., C. secundiflora Vis. & Pančić). The distribution of this complex is centered mostly in the Balkans, from Istria to the north, to Peloponnese Peninsula to the south, and to Mt. Konjevska planina in Bulgaria in the east, while some small disjunct parts of the range lie in the S Apennines. To capture morphological diversity observed within this group, a number of taxa related to the broadly circumscribed Campanula pyramidalis complex were described over the years (e.g., Campanula pyramidalis var. calycina A. DC., C. pyramidalis var. compacta auct., C. plasonii Formanek, C. tenorii Moretti ; C. versicolor var. tomentella Hal., C. versicolor var. thessala Boiss., C. mrkvickana Vel. ; C. secundiflora subsp. limensis R. Lakušić and C. secundiflora subsp. montenegrina R. Lakušić). However, their taxonomic and geographical distinctiveness is far from clear, to the point that the modern floristic literature does not recognize these taxa, and either neglects them completely of reduces them to synonymy. The basic aim of this research was to test a series of taxonomic and biogeographic hypotheses using explicit phylogenetic approaches. To reconstruct the phylogeny, gain a better understanding of the evolutionary history, and determine species boundaries within this complex, a broad dataset was constructed containing representatives from across its entire morphologic and geographic range. We present here the results of molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sequences from three non-coding chloroplast regions (psbA-trnH, trnS-trnQ, and trnfM-psbZ) as well as nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS). Our study identified several distinct monophyletic groups, some of which correspond closely to previously established taxonomic treatments and some of which are new. Taxonomical and biogeographical implications of these relationships are also discussed.

Campanula pyramidalis complex; taxonomy; biogeography; molecular phylogeny; ITS; evolution

Molekularna filogenija kompleksa Campanula pyramidalis (Campanulaceae): taksonomske i biogeografske implikacije