engleski

Optimization of solid-phase extraction of macrolide antibiotics from water samples

Pharmaceuticals and related products have become chemicals of emerging environmental concern in recent years. [1] These substances have been detected in various compartments of the aquatic environment as a result of the substantial progress achieved by chemical analysis. Within the large group of pharmaceuticals, antimicrobials are of special interest because of their potential impact on the spread and maintenance of antimicrobial resistance. [2] The macrolide antibiotics comprise a family of antibacterial agents widely used in humane and veterinary medicine especially for the treatment of bacterial infections caused by Gram-positive organisms. [3, 4] The aim of this work is to investigate of different types of solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents for preconcentration of macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, tylosin) and tiamulin from the water samples. These antibiotics were extracted applying different type of sorbents (Oasis HLB, C18, C8, SDB-L and Strata-X) and mass of sorbent (60 mg, 200 mg and 500 mg) using different organic solvents (methanol, ethanol and acetonitril) and different pH values of water samples (pH 7.00 ; 8.00 and 9.00). The extraction efficiency was determined by capillary electrophoresis (CE). It has been determined that the highest extraction efficiency of investigated antibiotics was realised with 200 mg/3 mL C18 cartridges by methanol as elution solvent where pH value of water sample was 9.00. The developed SPE-CE method for macrolide antibiotics and tiamulin was validated for linearity, precision, repeatability, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and recovery. References: [1] A. Gulkowska, H.W. Leung, M.K. So, S. Taniyasu, N. Yamashita, L.W.Y. Yeung, B.J. Richardson, A.P. Lei, J.P. Giesy, P.K.S. Lam, Water Res 42(2008)395–403. [2] A Göbel, C. S. McArdell, A. Joss, H. Siegrist, W. Giger, Sci Total Environm 372(2007)361–371. [3] S. Abuin, R. Codony, R. Compa˜n´o, M. Granados, M. Dolors Prat, J. Chromatogr. A 1114(2006)73–81. [4] C. Taninaka, H. Ohtani, E. Hanada, H. Kotaki, H. Sato, T. Iga, J. Chromatogr. B 738(2000)405–411.

macrolide antibiotics; solid-phase extraction; capillary electrophoresis

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