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Numizmatička zbirka Arheološkoga muzeja u Zagrebu. Donacije 1990.-2010. The Numismatic Collection of the Zagreb Archaeological Museum. Donations 1990-2010. Zagreb, 2010

THE NUMISMATIC COLLECTION OF THE ZAGREB ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM DONATIONS 1990-2010 The very first beginnings of the Zagreb Numismatic Collection can be traced down to 1828, which means before the formal foundation of the Croatian National Museum by the act of the Croatian Parliament in 1836 (DESPOT 1960 ; VINSKI-GASPARINI 1966). This collection has in fact a much longer history, starting from 1778, when the learned Zagreb Canon Balthasar Adam Kercselich de Korbavia bequeathed his coin collection to the Royal Academy of Law for the future museum. The Zagreb numismatic collection (MIRNIK 1990 ; cf. also Numismatique et Change, March 1995), grew chiefly by the means of gifts by numerous patriots. Of course, valuable numismatic material has always been bought, but compared with the donations, the purchased coins and medals are well behind in number, and sometimes in their value. In the fifties and sixties of the 19th c., still while the Museum was run by the Imperial and Royal Major Mijat Sabljar, such gifts were regularly made public in daily newspapers, and both Sabljar and his successors meticulously registered all the presented numismatic material in copybooks, even before it was catalogued into inventories. When Don Šime Ljubić began publishing his periodical Viestnik narodnoga zemaljskoga muzeja u Zagrebu (Journal of the National Territorial Museum in Zagreb ; 1870), and later its successor Viestnik Hrvatskoga arkeologičkoga družtva (Journal of the Croatian Archaeological Society ; 1879), the acquisitions for all the museum collections were regularly published (LUETIĆ 2001). This was also the case with the Numismatic Collection. The many collaborators and representantives throughout the region also contributed to the Museum's massive enrichment. As our aim is not to list all the donations and donors from the very beginnings of the Museum – this would be an immense task – we must concentrate on the happenings during a more recent period. Les us quote the names of the donors in the period between 1945 and 1990, found in the Department's inventories: in the main inventory (signature G, Inv. Nos. G1-2376, present state: 174.638 objects) and other inventory books (A – inventory of Greek coins, Inv. Nos. A1-12.398 ; B – inventory of Roman Republican coins, Inv.Nos. B1-2.512 ; C – inventory of Roman Imperial coins, Inv. Nos. C1-37.879 ; 38.068-48.001 ; D – inventory of Byzantine coins, Inv. Nos. D1-2.140 ; E – inventory of mediaeval and modern coins and medals): Dr. Mihovil Abramić ; Prof. Dr. Antun Bauer ; Belgrade, National Museum ; Savo Borojević ; Mary Brooks ; Marijana Brozović ; Croatian Archaeological Society ; Croatian Music Institute ; N. Čaklec ; Dr. Dana Čučković ; Irislav Dolenec ; Zdenka Dukat ; Josip Đurđević ; The Zagreb Faculty of Philosophy ; Bojana Gavrančić ; Glyptotheque of the South Slavic Academy of Science and Arts ; Hermine Göricke-Lukić ; Dr. Zoran Gregl ; Stjepan Hajduk ; Mihaela Hoffiller née Zavadlal ; Filomena Hofman ; Vera Ilijašević, Palma de Mallorca ; Mato Ilkić, Sotin ; Ivanić grad, Municipality Court ; Ivanić grad, Cultural Centre ; Dolores Ivanuša ; Ivan Jurković ; Jarmila Kašpar-Švaglić ; Vjekoslava Kerep ; Mr. ph. Ivan Klobučar ; Branka Knežević ; Bishop Msgr. Dr. Đuro Kokša ; Armin Kovačić ; Gustav Krklec ; Dr. Vladimir Liščić ; Marija Maček ; Dr. Olga Maček ; Professor Mirko Malez ; Cannon Dr. Đuka Marić ; Ivan Martinčević ; Kaja Matić, Karlo Minga ; Dr. Ivan Meixner ; Ministry of Finances of the People's Republic of Croatia ; Dr. Ivan Mirnik ; Music School «Vatroslav Lisinski», Zagreb ; Ogulin, Distric Court ; Višnja Plemić ; Stevan Pavlović ; Vladimir Pezo ; Albin Pogačnik ; Požega, The Požega Valley Museum ; Gorana Ramadan ; Stjepan Rojšp, Ivan Starčević, Ante Starčević ; The Union of Huntsmen's Societies in Croatia ; Ing. Zdenko Seissel, Požega ; Prof. Dr. Sena Sekulić Gvozdanović, Zagreb ; Dr. Marijan Strbašić, Požega ; Nikola Sušić ; Ivica Šarić ; Vlasta Ščrbančić ; Ivan Škunca ; Ljeka Šuput Buffa, Rome ; Zdravko Tadić ; Pavao Trojan ; Vera Vejvoda ; Dr. Ksenija Vinski-Gasparini ; N. Vrljkan ; Zdenko Vukasović ; Zvonimir Wyroubal ; Zadar, The Archaeological Museum ; Mihailo Zilić ; Baron Bartol Zmajić ; and Bogomir Živoder. The most significant gift in this period was without doubt the numismatic collection constisting of a selection of 297 Greek and Roman coins and several Egyptian items, presented in 1971 by Dragica and Dr. Franjo Ivo Havliček from Novi Vinodolski on the Croatian Littoral. There is a custom for some, formerly private, considerable numismatic collections to be kept as a whole entity and not to be incorporated into the systematic collections. This has been the case with the Havliček, Benko Horvat, Richard Schwieger etc collections., and in the more recent times with the Berislav and Viktor Kopač collection A considrable number of Roman and other coins has entered the Numismatic Collection through archaeological excavations by other colleagues from the Museum, but also from other institutions – for instance from the excavations of the late Dr. Vladimir Mirosavljević from the Department of Archaeology of the Zagreb Faculty of Philosophy and the Archaeological Cabinet of the South Slavic Academy of Science and Arts in Zagreb. Most of the recently excavated coins are still kept within the finding context, as grave goods etc., in other Museum collections. A unique case occured in 1976 when the archaeological team was brought by Kata Rogić from Švica nr. Otočac to a spot where several months previously she had found several tiny coins and thanks to her an intact coin hoard of 14-15 c silver coins was unearthed. Museum curators from the Zagreb Archaeological Museum and other similar institutions in Croatia and abroad, also frequently presented varied numismatic material Both now as in the past numismatic material also came into the Museum through bequests. Let us mention several of them: Ivana Alexander rođ. Erben (1964) ; Karola Luterotti Dukat (1983) ; Prof. Dr. Mirko Mirnik (1999) ; Prof. Dr. Stjepan Steiner (2006) and Drs. Ksenija and Zdenko Vinski (1996), all of Zagreb. When Croatia again acquited its independence as a state, the Numismatic Collection not only continued to grow not only through purchase of largely unexpected and unforeseen offers of important material, thanks to the understanding and support of the Zagreb City administration, i. e. its Office for Education, Culture and Sport, from time to time the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Croatia too, but also thanks to a large number of donors from Croatia and abroad. Thus manifold material arrived, coins, medals, various accompanying material, leaflets, literature, off-prints, plaster casts or imprints in sealing wax, and the Zagreb Bank several years ago presented the Department with two computers with the entire equipment, which are still in use, but improved . Since the Zagreb Collection can be considered the central one in the country, the Croatian National Bank, according to the contract, signed by its governor Marko Škreb and the Museum director Ante Rendić-Miočević on December 29, 1999, regularly presents the Museum with its editions, bank notes and coins, regular or special issues. The largest donation in the period we are discussing, i. e. 1990-2010, was the Kopač Collection. It generated from the long lasting collecting of Viktor Kopač (*1904 +1983) and his son Berislav (*1927 +2000). In fact Viktor Kopač's interest lay in numismatics as a scholarly discipline and in collecting ancient coins, which is testified by a rich bibliography of published articles. Berislav Kopač, on the other hand, entirely concentrated on the art of medals. His father too was a real connoiseur of medals and medallists and also published much in this field. Berislav wrote less, but collected more. In course of several years and decades he acquired the reputation of the best expert in this field in the country. Both the father and the son were active members of the Croatian Numismatic Society. Berislav Kopač presented the Zagreb Archaeological Museum with a medal for the first time in 1994. It was a specimen of the legendary pewter medal «from the bottom of the Sava river» (MIRNIK 2001), with the portrait of the Croatian minister of culture, painter and art historian Izidor Kršnjavi by Ivo Kerdić from 1915. god. This medal was rejected by Kršnjavi and he had the entire edition of c. 200 medals thrown from the bridge into the Sava. A few years later a fisher or swimmer, when the water was low, ran into a heap of corroded medals, collected them and sold them to Vlatko Mesić, an engraver in Zagreb. With the donation of the entire Kopač Collection more of such specimens came to the Numismatic Cabinet and were exhibited at the big Kerdić exhibition in 2004 (MIRNIK 2004). Mrs Ana Kopač née Čuljat, born in Vinkovci, Berislav’s widow decided to present the entire Kopač medal collection to the Zagreb Archaeological Museum, while Roman and more recent coins were given to the Osijek Museum of Slavonia. The donation contract was signed by Mrs Ana Kopač and Ante Rendić-Miočević, the Museum director on March 23, 2001. According to Paragraph 4 this collection will be called in the future the “Berislav Kopač Collection”. It was packed in their flat and carried to the Museum on 12 and 13 November 2001, but some medals were brought to the museum later. All the medals have been studied, listed and catalogued. The Berislav Kopač Collection consists of 2180 items, of this 1197 are medals and more important badges. Here one can find various silver, bronze, pewter, lead medals, and plaquettes, essays in lead, it also specimens in terracotta, plaster and wood, reduced and unreduced medals, in original boxes and without them.There are unique pieces as well as rare ones. On the other hand some medals are represented in two or more copies, or copies in various metals or different patina, in several variants etc. There is also a considerable number of chiefly modern saints' medals, badges and decorations, which also make an interesting and valuable unit. The Kopač Collection also contained valuable documentation on artists and medals, such as drawings, notes, manuscripts, many photographs of people and objects, newspaper clippings, exhibition catalogues etc. The collection itself is unique in size and contents and it can be considered as a cross-section of the Croatian medal of the 20th century (MIRNIK 2004 ; 2005). As this unique large donation was exhibited to the public in 2005, this time no objects of this provenance will be shown at present. After settling in the United States, Meštrović received many commissions for sculpture, reliefs and medals. Medals were ordered by several institutions and associations: Syracuse University, New York ; the Society of Medallists ; the American Institute of Architects, Washington ; Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College, Terre Haute, Indiana ; and the McGeary Foundation, Miami, Florida). Because of the distance and political situation in Croatia most of the medals Meštrović made there remained unknown in this country. Thanks to the unselfish donation of Mile Milković (Michael Milkovich, Art and Museum Consultant, Director Emeritus, Museum of Fine Arts, St. Petersburgh, Florida) and the Croatian Foundation of America, 3276 Jefferson Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45220, the American medals by Meštrović were ordered and struck by the Medallic Art Co., Dayton, Nevada. Four sets came to Croatia in 2003: two for the Meštrović Foundation, both in Split and Zagreb, one for the Vukovar City Museum and one for the Zagreb Archaeological Museum Numismatic Collection. In the same year these representative and beautiful medals were exhibited in Zagreb (MIRNIK 2003), and in the following year at the 8th Ivo Kerdić Memorial Exhibition in Osijek (MIRNIK 2004). In March 2004 two interesting and now rare medals made by the German sculptor August Gaul (b. Grossauheim/Hanau, 1869 – d. 1921) were presented to the Zagreb Archaeological Museum Numismatic Collection by Neda Prpić of Zagreb (MIRNIK 2006). There is a well-known Latin proverb referring to the fate of books «Habent sua fata libelli», which could also be applied in the case of these two medals. Their provenance is indeed colourful. Their first owner was Paul Cassirer (b. 1871 - d. 1926), a famous collector, publisher, art dealer and from 1910 the second husband of the celebrated Austro-German stage and film actress Tilla Durieux (in fact Ottilia Godeffroy ; b. 1880 – d. 1971). Tilla Durieux, although not a classical beauty, was portrayed by many artists of her time, among them Auguste Renoir, Ernst Barlach, Max Slevogt, Franz von Stuck, Oskar Kokoschka and others. In 1933 Germany became dangerous for Durieux and in 1935 she moved to Opatija and there bought the Crystal Hotel. Attempting to escape to Turkey in 1941, together with her third husband, the industrialist and patron of arts, Ludwig Katzenellenbogen (b. 1877) who she married in 1930, she was caught up in the war turmoil. Separated from her husband, who eventually died in a Nazi prison in 1943, Durieux found shelter in Zagreb in the mansion of her friend Countess Zlata Lubienski, née baroness Adrowski, in St. George Street, only a few houses away from the Prpić villa. These war years were described in detail by Durieux in her memoirs. This remarkable woman tells us how she managed to save a few of her works of art and how she supported the partisans in their war against the Germans. It was only in 1952 that she left for Germany and continued her career as actress on stage, and on film as well. In 1955 she finally settled in Berlin and appeared in very many parts on stage and on film in Germany, Austria and Switzerland until 1970, a short time before her death. These two medals by Gaul were probably given by Tilla Durieux to Zlata Lubienski on some occasion and she, or her son Boris, gave them to the Prpić family. August Gaul was perhaps one of the best-known animalists of the past in the world, and was certainly the best in Germany. He exhibited quite frequently, both in Germany and abroad, for instance at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900, Turin in 1902, St. Louis in 1904, Brussels in 1910. At the 26th exhibition of the Berlin Secession he showed two statues of panthers. In all these charming works of art the connoiseurs did not find only naturalism or only stylized sculpture, but both at the same time. Gaul is also the author of quite a few excellent etchings. His statues and statuettes of animals are mumerous (and there were quite a few in Tilla Durieux' possession), but his six medals, some commissioned by the Red Cross, have become rare. It is remarkable that they were made during the Great War –World War One - when the artist felt that his patriotic duty was to contribute to the German war propaganda with his works. One of these medals, the 1916 «Britenleu», has a particularly sinister connotation, as Hitler in his sophistry of giving names to various war plans (for instance the plan for the annexation of Austria was called «Operation Otto», after Archduke Otto von Habsburg), in 1940 he gave the name «Operation Seelöwe» (Operation Sea Lion) to the plans for the invasion of Great Britain by the Wehrmacht. Although not so large, the most valuable donation, which also had a very strong sentimental charge, took place in March 2006, when Vjekoslava – Slavica – Kerdić (*Zagreb, April 1, 1927 +March 10, 2010), the younger daughter of the great Croatian sculptor and medallist Ivo Kerdić, presented the Museum with 46 medals. Most of them (35 items) were her father's works, in different materials (plaster, bronze, ivory), technique and size, and they date from 1910 (the death of the artist's mother Terezija) to 1953 (Ivan Meštrović's 70th birthday), the year in which Kerdić died. The last mentioned medal is known in plaster and bronze casts of the unreduced obverse, which have been exhibited on several occasions, and two variants of the reverse. Among the presented works by Kerdić there are several unique pieces, and some of these medals have not been represented in the Zagreb Collection before. Some models for coins of the Independent State of Croatia (1941-1945) by Kerdić were struck in 1995 by Osijek Bank. There are also two ivory tablets, sawn from a larger Art Déco Style head, which Kerdić intended to use for his work – there is already one small ivory plaquette by Kerdić in the Zagreb Collection, which was probably made out of another fragment of the previously mentioned decorative head. Very interesting are Kerdić's sketches for the token of the «Sloga» Association and the coins of the Independent State of Croatia. Among other medals, not by Kerdić, is the medal struck in 1783 by Johann Christian Reich to commemorate the long siege of Gibraltar by the Spanish. Gibraltar was defended by George Augustus Elliot Lord Heathfield. In 2006 Vjekoslava Kerdić intended to move from the apartment she had lived in since she sold her father's home a few years previously, to St. Joseph's Home in Zagreb. Therefore she distributed most of her possessions, the furniture, sculpture and paintings went to the Zagreb Arts and Crafts Museum, whereas the medals and the accompanying documentation to the Archaeological Musem Numismatic Collection. Family documents and photographs went to the Archives of the Zagreb Chapter and Archdiocese, but before this happened, everything of interest for a numismatist was photocopied or scanned. There is also a copy of unpublished memoirs by Ivo Kerdić. Large and important have been the donations by Vladimir Mataušić, the most skilled Croatian engraver after Ivo Kerdić and Teodor Krivak. Besides being a medallist, he is also the father of Damir Mataušić. In this manner, directly, through gifts, and indirectly, through purchase, a large number of reduced and unreduced bronze models for medals, dies (punches and negatives), as well as struck medals and tokens, all made in the Mataušić workshop through half a century or more, came to the Zagreb Numismatic Collection. As all holdings of dies used in various Croatian mints, the once famous firms Griesbach and Knaus (later known as«IKOM») and Ignjat Justitz (the later «Pečat») were lost for the posterity due to carelessness and lack of interest, this collection of dies, besides the one kept in the Glyptotheque of the Croatian Academy of Science and Arts, is the only important one in the country. In fact we ought to call this exhibition «The Vladimir Mataušić Donation and Other Gifts», because most of the items on display came from his workshop. All the strikes and dies for medals, tokens and badges reflect the image of political, religious, cultural and economic circumstances in Croatia and the state whose part it formed until 1990. There is also much interesting material dealing with the history Croatian firemen's brigades, sport, mountaineering, tourism etc. Another major donor to the Zagreb Numismatic Collection was the late Irislav Dolenec, a well-known sportsman and numismatic collector and writer. Still, he sold more material to the Museum than he presented. One must not forget contemporary Croatian medallists, or other people who issued medals abroad, who also gave their works to the Numismatic Collection: Ivan Antolčić, Antun Babić, Stjepan Divković, Želimir Janeš, Đurđica Kovačiček, Maja Landau Nejašmić, Damir Mataušić, Vladimir Mataušić, Vladimir Novak, Josip Poljan, Ante Starčević, Dr. Berislav Tomac and Dr. Zlatko Tuđina. Other donors have been registered in inventories since 1990: Dubravka Balen-Letunić ; Jacqueline Balen, Ivan Radman-Livaja ; Luka Bekić ; Anna Benaki, Athens ; Miroslav Borš ; Drs. Aldo and Dr. Zlata Bujević ; Croatian Archaeological Society ; Croatian Monetary Institute (Ivan Marić, Boris Zaninović) ; Croatian National Bank ; Croatian National Theatre (Janko Kichl, Jasna Jakovljević) ; Croatian Numismatic Society ; Prof. Jasna Čmelić ; Prof. Dr. Daniel Derežić/Prof. Dr. Niko Jurak, Medical Faculty in Zagreb ; Carlos Baptista da Silva, Lissabon, Portugal ; Prof. Dr. Julijan Dobrinić, Lovran ; Dr. Lelja Dobronić ; Guy Dokendorf, Luxemburg ; Irislav Dolenec ; Prof. Dr. Fra Bonaventura Duda ; Vladimir Duić ; Zdenka Dukat ; Prof. Dr. Radovan Erben ; Dr. Fafael Feria y Pérez, Madrid, Spain ; Ranka Franz-Štern ; Ivan Frljak, Obedišče, Novoselec ; Nazzareno Gabrielli, Rome ; Nada Gagro ; Dr. Vladimir Geiger ; Claude Grbeša ; H.I.R.H. Archduchess Regina of Hapsburg, Pöcking, Germany ; Zoran Homen, Križevci ; Serge Huard, Pointe-aux-Trembles, Canada ; Jasna Javoršek ; Maja Kaić, Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Janja Karmelj née Bošnjaković ; Vjekoslava Kerdić ; Dr. Mario Kevo ; Ivan Kontušić ; Anica Kopač ; Berislav Kopač ; Dr. Ladislav Korčmaroš ; Veljko Kučar, Varaždin ; Aleksandar Kukec ; Dr. Danica Kuštrak ; Prof. Maja Landau Nejašmić ; Ing. Ante Ledić ; Marijan Lozo, Split ; Dinka Lovreško ; Prof. Barbara Ljubić ; Radoslav Maričić ; Dr. Emilio Marin, Rome ; Ivan Maruna ; Alen Matasović, Rovinj ; Boštjan Milavec, Nova Gorica, Slovenia ; Dr. Josip Milić, Zagreb University ; Dr. Michael Milkovich, St. Petersburg, U.S.A. ; Dr. Ivan Mirnik ; Zoran Mitrović ; Marija Olga Moklović ; Museum Exhibition Centre, Zagreb ; Branka Nedved, Knin/Zadar ; Dr. Ružica Nikolić ; Vladimir Novak ; Alma Orlić ; Osijek, Museum of Slavonia (Dr. Hermine Göricke-Lukić) ; Darko Periša ; Emma Pitarević née Bongi, Dubrovnik ; Neda Prpić ; Zdenko Radelić ; Petar Marija Radelj, Dubrovnik ; Gen. Markica Rebić ; Ante Rendić-Miočević ; Silva Reščec, Graz, Austria ; Nina Ristić, née Aleksander, Johannesburg ; Ivan Ružić ; Katica Simoni ; Margita Smole Gavrilović, Sarajevo ; Ana Solter ; Dr. Herwig van Staa, Inssbruck, Tyrol, Austria ; Prof. Dr. Stjepan Steiner, Zagreb ; Shulamit Celina Steiner, Haifa, Israel ; Prof. Dr. Božidar Stilinović ; Josip Sveštarov ; Dr. Nikola Šipuš ; Dr. Marko Škreb ; Zlatko Štefiček ; Dr. Berislav Tomac, Hagen, Germany ; Dr. Zlatko Tuđina, Munich, Germany ; Trsat, Franciscan Monastery ; Vera Vejvoda ; Dr. Zdenko Vinski ; Maja Vitković, Jastrebarsko ; Nada Vusić ; Zagreb City Administration (Darko Schneider) ; Zagreb Bank (Marketing – Snježana Balić) ; Zagreb University, Rector's office (Olga Šarlog Bavoljak) ; Dr. Pietro Zander, Rome ; Vjera Zlatar y Montan, M.A., Antofagasta, Chile and Dr. Ing. Zora Žerdik Smolčić, all from Zagreb, unless indicated otherwise. Several donors wanted to remain anonymous. As has already been mentioned, the collection has grown since 1990 also through purchase of numismatic material: Year Gift Purchase 1990 44 - 1991 657 45 1992 109 - 1993. 57 14 1994. 160 - 1995. 19 - 1996. 126 7 1997. 313 11 1998. 166 86 1999. 258 12 2000. 282 11 2001. 2327 439 2002. 13 27 2003. 69 237 2004. 71 5 2005. 258 94 2006. 450 3930 2007. 13 34 2008. 19 10 2009. 1059 118 2010. 262 193 Total 6732 5273 Because of the diversity and quantity of numismatic material, it would prove impossible to present all the objects given to the Zagreb Archaeological Museum Numismatic Collection in the course of these twenty years. Thus for instance most of the banknotes and shares have been left out, because their exhibiting needs special conditions, starting with the dim light. It was also impossible to exhibit ancient or mediaeval and modern coins because of their quantity, quality, and primarily their small size. They have partly served to be included into the systematic collections, and partly packed and deposited in safes. While writing a review on the Monetary Circulation in the Southeastern Alpine region ca. 300 B.C.- A.D. 100. Situla, 24/1984-5 (1986), by Peter Kos (MIRNIK 1988), I realised that in the former state and under the former regime we in Croatia were still very far from computers and computerization in museums. Unexpectedly, the Zagreb Archaeological Museum received its first, rather simple PC in 1990 and we were all reluctant to venture using it. Some colleagues from other departments and the late Zdenka Dukat of the Numismatic Department attended a course and I, bravely ignoring this course, started writing various texts, helped by another colleague, who did not know much himself either. Learning from several colleagues from abroad what they were doing and having visited some European numismatic institutions I became acquainted with various programmes used there for documenting coins. The one which impressed me most was NUMIZ, developed by the Ljubljana National Museum (Slovenia), i. e. by Peter Kos, Andrej Šemrov and Robert Primožič since 1988 (cf. P. KOS. Computer programme NUMIZ. From coin identification to final publication). What impressed me most was the manual for this programme: it consisted of one sparsely written page! If you were a professional numismatist, with little experience in the computer field, there were no obstacles to your immediate acquaintance with NUMIZ. In a few days I was able to use it properly. In October 1992 the Zagreb Archaeological Museum acquired the licence to use this programme and it was installed and translated into Croatian soon afterwards. Some alterations had to be made especially for the Zagreb Collection because of its peculiarities (five separate intventories, all starting from 1 onwards, solved by adding a capital letter A-E, indicating the period). NUMIZ respects all geographical, chronological, hierarchical etc. parameters and at any time you can continue to build up any construction, or change, or correct it. The search is quick and practical. With a suitable printer its publication is at hand. At the moment there are more than 42500 items described in this programme in Zagreb. We hope that the most recent version will soon be installed, not only in Zagreb, but also in other Croatian museums with major numismatic collections. In 1977 the permanent numismatic exhibition was opened, now enlarged with three smaller and two larger show cases. The entire collection of more than 280.000 specimens is divided into six sections, registered in six different inventories, five of which form the systematic collection: A. Greek coins etc. Nos.1-12.398 ; B. Roman Republican coins, Nos. 1-2.512 ; C. Roman Imperial Coins, Nos.1-48.001 ; D. Byzantine coins, No.1--2.140 ; E. Mediaeval and modern coins, medals etc., Nos.1-55.631. The chief inventary contains duplicates, badly preserved specimens with provenance etc. (G ; Nos. 1-2.388, 174.638 specimens). The given data prove that there is really very much to be done in Zagreb. Yet we are facing many grave problems: lack of personnel, lack of space, relative lack of the up-to-date literature. Only two curators are in charge of the entire collection, and there is no laboratory needed so much for the conservation of coins and medals. The author’s first direct contacts with a serious approach to computerization in a numismatic cabinet happened in 1983 in Luxemburg, when he saw how Raymond Weiller, curator of the State Museums of the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg worked on two connected computers, one at his office, one at home, so he was not compelled to interrupt his work. Therefore his results even in those days were exceptional: five volumes of Roman numismatic topography of Luxemburg (FMR Luxemburg). Another numismatic program, dedicated to numismatic topography was shown to me almost at the same time in Padua, where this project was headed by Giovanni Gorinija – here too the results have been published in a dozen volumes. The Messina University, its chair of Greeek and Roman numismatics, later started a project called “Dracma” (Diffusion and Reserch on the Ancient Coinage of the Mediterranean Area). Some decade ago another programme was propagated, called “Kroisos”, by a work group from Saarbrücken in Germany, and it resembles those programmes that can be downloaded from the internet. Photographic documentation too has undergone drastic changes in the last few years. Besides being documented by simple scanning, coins and medals are also digitally photographed, and the existing negatives, both on glass and celluloid, and slides, are gradually transferred into digital size. To conclude, patriots have always readily presented the Museum with a very ample range of objects, they still do so now and will in the future, because they know that museums are banks, safes where the past of a nation is guarded, and it remains there for the generations to come.

novac; medalje; značke; odličja; kalupi; donacije; Arheološki muzej u Zagrebu; Numizmatička zbirka

nije evidentirano

engleski

The Numismatic Collection of the Zagreb Archaeological Museum. Donations 1990-2010

THE NUMISMATIC COLLECTION OF THE ZAGREB ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM DONATIONS 1990-2010 The very first beginnings of the Zagreb Numismatic Collection can be traced down to 1828, which means before the formal foundation of the Croatian National Museum by the act of the Croatian Parliament in 1836 (DESPOT 1960 ; VINSKI-GASPARINI 1966). This collection has in fact a much longer history, starting from 1778, when the learned Zagreb Canon Balthasar Adam Kercselich de Korbavia bequeathed his coin collection to the Royal Academy of Law for the future museum. The Zagreb numismatic collection (MIRNIK 1990 ; cf. also Numismatique et Change, March 1995), grew chiefly by the means of gifts by numerous patriots. Of course, valuable numismatic material has always been bought, but compared with the donations, the purchased coins and medals are well behind in number, and sometimes in their value. In the fifties and sixties of the 19th c., still while the Museum was run by the Imperial and Royal Major Mijat Sabljar, such gifts were regularly made public in daily newspapers, and both Sabljar and his successors meticulously registered all the presented numismatic material in copybooks, even before it was catalogued into inventories. When Don Šime Ljubić began publishing his periodical Viestnik narodnoga zemaljskoga muzeja u Zagrebu (Journal of the National Territorial Museum in Zagreb ; 1870), and later its successor Viestnik Hrvatskoga arkeologičkoga družtva (Journal of the Croatian Archaeological Society ; 1879), the acquisitions for all the museum collections were regularly published (LUETIĆ 2001). This was also the case with the Numismatic Collection. The many collaborators and representantives throughout the region also contributed to the Museum's massive enrichment. As our aim is not to list all the donations and donors from the very beginnings of the Museum – this would be an immense task – we must concentrate on the happenings during a more recent period. Les us quote the names of the donors in the period between 1945 and 1990, found in the Department's inventories: in the main inventory (signature G, Inv. Nos. G1-2376, present state: 174.638 objects) and other inventory books (A – inventory of Greek coins, Inv. Nos. A1-12.398 ; B – inventory of Roman Republican coins, Inv.Nos. B1-2.512 ; C – inventory of Roman Imperial coins, Inv. Nos. C1-37.879 ; 38.068-48.001 ; D – inventory of Byzantine coins, Inv. Nos. D1-2.140 ; E – inventory of mediaeval and modern coins and medals): Dr. Mihovil Abramić ; Prof. Dr. Antun Bauer ; Belgrade, National Museum ; Savo Borojević ; Mary Brooks ; Marijana Brozović ; Croatian Archaeological Society ; Croatian Music Institute ; N. Čaklec ; Dr. Dana Čučković ; Irislav Dolenec ; Zdenka Dukat ; Josip Đurđević ; The Zagreb Faculty of Philosophy ; Bojana Gavrančić ; Glyptotheque of the South Slavic Academy of Science and Arts ; Hermine Göricke-Lukić ; Dr. Zoran Gregl ; Stjepan Hajduk ; Mihaela Hoffiller née Zavadlal ; Filomena Hofman ; Vera Ilijašević, Palma de Mallorca ; Mato Ilkić, Sotin ; Ivanić grad, Municipality Court ; Ivanić grad, Cultural Centre ; Dolores Ivanuša ; Ivan Jurković ; Jarmila Kašpar-Švaglić ; Vjekoslava Kerep ; Mr. ph. Ivan Klobučar ; Branka Knežević ; Bishop Msgr. Dr. Đuro Kokša ; Armin Kovačić ; Gustav Krklec ; Dr. Vladimir Liščić ; Marija Maček ; Dr. Olga Maček ; Professor Mirko Malez ; Cannon Dr. Đuka Marić ; Ivan Martinčević ; Kaja Matić, Karlo Minga ; Dr. Ivan Meixner ; Ministry of Finances of the People's Republic of Croatia ; Dr. Ivan Mirnik ; Music School «Vatroslav Lisinski», Zagreb ; Ogulin, Distric Court ; Višnja Plemić ; Stevan Pavlović ; Vladimir Pezo ; Albin Pogačnik ; Požega, The Požega Valley Museum ; Gorana Ramadan ; Stjepan Rojšp, Ivan Starčević, Ante Starčević ; The Union of Huntsmen's Societies in Croatia ; Ing. Zdenko Seissel, Požega ; Prof. Dr. Sena Sekulić Gvozdanović, Zagreb ; Dr. Marijan Strbašić, Požega ; Nikola Sušić ; Ivica Šarić ; Vlasta Ščrbančić ; Ivan Škunca ; Ljeka Šuput Buffa, Rome ; Zdravko Tadić ; Pavao Trojan ; Vera Vejvoda ; Dr. Ksenija Vinski-Gasparini ; N. Vrljkan ; Zdenko Vukasović ; Zvonimir Wyroubal ; Zadar, The Archaeological Museum ; Mihailo Zilić ; Baron Bartol Zmajić ; and Bogomir Živoder. The most significant gift in this period was without doubt the numismatic collection constisting of a selection of 297 Greek and Roman coins and several Egyptian items, presented in 1971 by Dragica and Dr. Franjo Ivo Havliček from Novi Vinodolski on the Croatian Littoral. There is a custom for some, formerly private, considerable numismatic collections to be kept as a whole entity and not to be incorporated into the systematic collections. This has been the case with the Havliček, Benko Horvat, Richard Schwieger etc collections., and in the more recent times with the Berislav and Viktor Kopač collection A considrable number of Roman and other coins has entered the Numismatic Collection through archaeological excavations by other colleagues from the Museum, but also from other institutions – for instance from the excavations of the late Dr. Vladimir Mirosavljević from the Department of Archaeology of the Zagreb Faculty of Philosophy and the Archaeological Cabinet of the South Slavic Academy of Science and Arts in Zagreb. Most of the recently excavated coins are still kept within the finding context, as grave goods etc., in other Museum collections. A unique case occured in 1976 when the archaeological team was brought by Kata Rogić from Švica nr. Otočac to a spot where several months previously she had found several tiny coins and thanks to her an intact coin hoard of 14-15 c silver coins was unearthed. Museum curators from the Zagreb Archaeological Museum and other similar institutions in Croatia and abroad, also frequently presented varied numismatic material Both now as in the past numismatic material also came into the Museum through bequests. Let us mention several of them: Ivana Alexander rođ. Erben (1964) ; Karola Luterotti Dukat (1983) ; Prof. Dr. Mirko Mirnik (1999) ; Prof. Dr. Stjepan Steiner (2006) and Drs. Ksenija and Zdenko Vinski (1996), all of Zagreb. When Croatia again acquited its independence as a state, the Numismatic Collection not only continued to grow not only through purchase of largely unexpected and unforeseen offers of important material, thanks to the understanding and support of the Zagreb City administration, i. e. its Office for Education, Culture and Sport, from time to time the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Croatia too, but also thanks to a large number of donors from Croatia and abroad. Thus manifold material arrived, coins, medals, various accompanying material, leaflets, literature, off-prints, plaster casts or imprints in sealing wax, and the Zagreb Bank several years ago presented the Department with two computers with the entire equipment, which are still in use, but improved . Since the Zagreb Collection can be considered the central one in the country, the Croatian National Bank, according to the contract, signed by its governor Marko Škreb and the Museum director Ante Rendić-Miočević on December 29, 1999, regularly presents the Museum with its editions, bank notes and coins, regular or special issues. The largest donation in the period we are discussing, i. e. 1990-2010, was the Kopač Collection. It generated from the long lasting collecting of Viktor Kopač (*1904 +1983) and his son Berislav (*1927 +2000). In fact Viktor Kopač's interest lay in numismatics as a scholarly discipline and in collecting ancient coins, which is testified by a rich bibliography of published articles. Berislav Kopač, on the other hand, entirely concentrated on the art of medals. His father too was a real connoiseur of medals and medallists and also published much in this field. Berislav wrote less, but collected more. In course of several years and decades he acquired the reputation of the best expert in this field in the country. Both the father and the son were active members of the Croatian Numismatic Society. Berislav Kopač presented the Zagreb Archaeological Museum with a medal for the first time in 1994. It was a specimen of the legendary pewter medal «from the bottom of the Sava river» (MIRNIK 2001), with the portrait of the Croatian minister of culture, painter and art historian Izidor Kršnjavi by Ivo Kerdić from 1915. god. This medal was rejected by Kršnjavi and he had the entire edition of c. 200 medals thrown from the bridge into the Sava. A few years later a fisher or swimmer, when the water was low, ran into a heap of corroded medals, collected them and sold them to Vlatko Mesić, an engraver in Zagreb. With the donation of the entire Kopač Collection more of such specimens came to the Numismatic Cabinet and were exhibited at the big Kerdić exhibition in 2004 (MIRNIK 2004). Mrs Ana Kopač née Čuljat, born in Vinkovci, Berislav’s widow decided to present the entire Kopač medal collection to the Zagreb Archaeological Museum, while Roman and more recent coins were given to the Osijek Museum of Slavonia. The donation contract was signed by Mrs Ana Kopač and Ante Rendić-Miočević, the Museum director on March 23, 2001. According to Paragraph 4 this collection will be called in the future the “Berislav Kopač Collection”. It was packed in their flat and carried to the Museum on 12 and 13 November 2001, but some medals were brought to the museum later. All the medals have been studied, listed and catalogued. The Berislav Kopač Collection consists of 2180 items, of this 1197 are medals and more important badges. Here one can find various silver, bronze, pewter, lead medals, and plaquettes, essays in lead, it also specimens in terracotta, plaster and wood, reduced and unreduced medals, in original boxes and without them.There are unique pieces as well as rare ones. On the other hand some medals are represented in two or more copies, or copies in various metals or different patina, in several variants etc. There is also a considerable number of chiefly modern saints' medals, badges and decorations, which also make an interesting and valuable unit. The Kopač Collection also contained valuable documentation on artists and medals, such as drawings, notes, manuscripts, many photographs of people and objects, newspaper clippings, exhibition catalogues etc. The collection itself is unique in size and contents and it can be considered as a cross-section of the Croatian medal of the 20th century (MIRNIK 2004 ; 2005). As this unique large donation was exhibited to the public in 2005, this time no objects of this provenance will be shown at present. After settling in the United States, Meštrović received many commissions for sculpture, reliefs and medals. Medals were ordered by several institutions and associations: Syracuse University, New York ; the Society of Medallists ; the American Institute of Architects, Washington ; Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College, Terre Haute, Indiana ; and the McGeary Foundation, Miami, Florida). Because of the distance and political situation in Croatia most of the medals Meštrović made there remained unknown in this country. Thanks to the unselfish donation of Mile Milković (Michael Milkovich, Art and Museum Consultant, Director Emeritus, Museum of Fine Arts, St. Petersburgh, Florida) and the Croatian Foundation of America, 3276 Jefferson Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45220, the American medals by Meštrović were ordered and struck by the Medallic Art Co., Dayton, Nevada. Four sets came to Croatia in 2003: two for the Meštrović Foundation, both in Split and Zagreb, one for the Vukovar City Museum and one for the Zagreb Archaeological Museum Numismatic Collection. In the same year these representative and beautiful medals were exhibited in Zagreb (MIRNIK 2003), and in the following year at the 8th Ivo Kerdić Memorial Exhibition in Osijek (MIRNIK 2004). In March 2004 two interesting and now rare medals made by the German sculptor August Gaul (b. Grossauheim/Hanau, 1869 – d. 1921) were presented to the Zagreb Archaeological Museum Numismatic Collection by Neda Prpić of Zagreb (MIRNIK 2006). There is a well-known Latin proverb referring to the fate of books «Habent sua fata libelli», which could also be applied in the case of these two medals. Their provenance is indeed colourful. Their first owner was Paul Cassirer (b. 1871 - d. 1926), a famous collector, publisher, art dealer and from 1910 the second husband of the celebrated Austro-German stage and film actress Tilla Durieux (in fact Ottilia Godeffroy ; b. 1880 – d. 1971). Tilla Durieux, although not a classical beauty, was portrayed by many artists of her time, among them Auguste Renoir, Ernst Barlach, Max Slevogt, Franz von Stuck, Oskar Kokoschka and others. In 1933 Germany became dangerous for Durieux and in 1935 she moved to Opatija and there bought the Crystal Hotel. Attempting to escape to Turkey in 1941, together with her third husband, the industrialist and patron of arts, Ludwig Katzenellenbogen (b. 1877) who she married in 1930, she was caught up in the war turmoil. Separated from her husband, who eventually died in a Nazi prison in 1943, Durieux found shelter in Zagreb in the mansion of her friend Countess Zlata Lubienski, née baroness Adrowski, in St. George Street, only a few houses away from the Prpić villa. These war years were described in detail by Durieux in her memoirs. This remarkable woman tells us how she managed to save a few of her works of art and how she supported the partisans in their war against the Germans. It was only in 1952 that she left for Germany and continued her career as actress on stage, and on film as well. In 1955 she finally settled in Berlin and appeared in very many parts on stage and on film in Germany, Austria and Switzerland until 1970, a short time before her death. These two medals by Gaul were probably given by Tilla Durieux to Zlata Lubienski on some occasion and she, or her son Boris, gave them to the Prpić family. August Gaul was perhaps one of the best-known animalists of the past in the world, and was certainly the best in Germany. He exhibited quite frequently, both in Germany and abroad, for instance at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1900, Turin in 1902, St. Louis in 1904, Brussels in 1910. At the 26th exhibition of the Berlin Secession he showed two statues of panthers. In all these charming works of art the connoiseurs did not find only naturalism or only stylized sculpture, but both at the same time. Gaul is also the author of quite a few excellent etchings. His statues and statuettes of animals are mumerous (and there were quite a few in Tilla Durieux' possession), but his six medals, some commissioned by the Red Cross, have become rare. It is remarkable that they were made during the Great War –World War One - when the artist felt that his patriotic duty was to contribute to the German war propaganda with his works. One of these medals, the 1916 «Britenleu», has a particularly sinister connotation, as Hitler in his sophistry of giving names to various war plans (for instance the plan for the annexation of Austria was called «Operation Otto», after Archduke Otto von Habsburg), in 1940 he gave the name «Operation Seelöwe» (Operation Sea Lion) to the plans for the invasion of Great Britain by the Wehrmacht. Although not so large, the most valuable donation, which also had a very strong sentimental charge, took place in March 2006, when Vjekoslava – Slavica – Kerdić (*Zagreb, April 1, 1927 +March 10, 2010), the younger daughter of the great Croatian sculptor and medallist Ivo Kerdić, presented the Museum with 46 medals. Most of them (35 items) were her father's works, in different materials (plaster, bronze, ivory), technique and size, and they date from 1910 (the death of the artist's mother Terezija) to 1953 (Ivan Meštrović's 70th birthday), the year in which Kerdić died. The last mentioned medal is known in plaster and bronze casts of the unreduced obverse, which have been exhibited on several occasions, and two variants of the reverse. Among the presented works by Kerdić there are several unique pieces, and some of these medals have not been represented in the Zagreb Collection before. Some models for coins of the Independent State of Croatia (1941-1945) by Kerdić were struck in 1995 by Osijek Bank. There are also two ivory tablets, sawn from a larger Art Déco Style head, which Kerdić intended to use for his work – there is already one small ivory plaquette by Kerdić in the Zagreb Collection, which was probably made out of another fragment of the previously mentioned decorative head. Very interesting are Kerdić's sketches for the token of the «Sloga» Association and the coins of the Independent State of Croatia. Among other medals, not by Kerdić, is the medal struck in 1783 by Johann Christian Reich to commemorate the long siege of Gibraltar by the Spanish. Gibraltar was defended by George Augustus Elliot Lord Heathfield. In 2006 Vjekoslava Kerdić intended to move from the apartment she had lived in since she sold her father's home a few years previously, to St. Joseph's Home in Zagreb. Therefore she distributed most of her possessions, the furniture, sculpture and paintings went to the Zagreb Arts and Crafts Museum, whereas the medals and the accompanying documentation to the Archaeological Musem Numismatic Collection. Family documents and photographs went to the Archives of the Zagreb Chapter and Archdiocese, but before this happened, everything of interest for a numismatist was photocopied or scanned. There is also a copy of unpublished memoirs by Ivo Kerdić. Large and important have been the donations by Vladimir Mataušić, the most skilled Croatian engraver after Ivo Kerdić and Teodor Krivak. Besides being a medallist, he is also the father of Damir Mataušić. In this manner, directly, through gifts, and indirectly, through purchase, a large number of reduced and unreduced bronze models for medals, dies (punches and negatives), as well as struck medals and tokens, all made in the Mataušić workshop through half a century or more, came to the Zagreb Numismatic Collection. As all holdings of dies used in various Croatian mints, the once famous firms Griesbach and Knaus (later known as«IKOM») and Ignjat Justitz (the later «Pečat») were lost for the posterity due to carelessness and lack of interest, this collection of dies, besides the one kept in the Glyptotheque of the Croatian Academy of Science and Arts, is the only important one in the country. In fact we ought to call this exhibition «The Vladimir Mataušić Donation and Other Gifts», because most of the items on display came from his workshop. All the strikes and dies for medals, tokens and badges reflect the image of political, religious, cultural and economic circumstances in Croatia and the state whose part it formed until 1990. There is also much interesting material dealing with the history Croatian firemen's brigades, sport, mountaineering, tourism etc. Another major donor to the Zagreb Numismatic Collection was the late Irislav Dolenec, a well-known sportsman and numismatic collector and writer. Still, he sold more material to the Museum than he presented. One must not forget contemporary Croatian medallists, or other people who issued medals abroad, who also gave their works to the Numismatic Collection: Ivan Antolčić, Antun Babić, Stjepan Divković, Želimir Janeš, Đurđica Kovačiček, Maja Landau Nejašmić, Damir Mataušić, Vladimir Mataušić, Vladimir Novak, Josip Poljan, Ante Starčević, Dr. Berislav Tomac and Dr. Zlatko Tuđina. Other donors have been registered in inventories since 1990: Dubravka Balen-Letunić ; Jacqueline Balen, Ivan Radman-Livaja ; Luka Bekić ; Anna Benaki, Athens ; Miroslav Borš ; Drs. Aldo and Dr. Zlata Bujević ; Croatian Archaeological Society ; Croatian Monetary Institute (Ivan Marić, Boris Zaninović) ; Croatian National Bank ; Croatian National Theatre (Janko Kichl, Jasna Jakovljević) ; Croatian Numismatic Society ; Prof. Jasna Čmelić ; Prof. Dr. Daniel Derežić/Prof. Dr. Niko Jurak, Medical Faculty in Zagreb ; Carlos Baptista da Silva, Lissabon, Portugal ; Prof. Dr. Julijan Dobrinić, Lovran ; Dr. Lelja Dobronić ; Guy Dokendorf, Luxemburg ; Irislav Dolenec ; Prof. Dr. Fra Bonaventura Duda ; Vladimir Duić ; Zdenka Dukat ; Prof. Dr. Radovan Erben ; Dr. Fafael Feria y Pérez, Madrid, Spain ; Ranka Franz-Štern ; Ivan Frljak, Obedišče, Novoselec ; Nazzareno Gabrielli, Rome ; Nada Gagro ; Dr. Vladimir Geiger ; Claude Grbeša ; H.I.R.H. Archduchess Regina of Hapsburg, Pöcking, Germany ; Zoran Homen, Križevci ; Serge Huard, Pointe-aux-Trembles, Canada ; Jasna Javoršek ; Maja Kaić, Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Janja Karmelj née Bošnjaković ; Vjekoslava Kerdić ; Dr. Mario Kevo ; Ivan Kontušić ; Anica Kopač ; Berislav Kopač ; Dr. Ladislav Korčmaroš ; Veljko Kučar, Varaždin ; Aleksandar Kukec ; Dr. Danica Kuštrak ; Prof. Maja Landau Nejašmić ; Ing. Ante Ledić ; Marijan Lozo, Split ; Dinka Lovreško ; Prof. Barbara Ljubić ; Radoslav Maričić ; Dr. Emilio Marin, Rome ; Ivan Maruna ; Alen Matasović, Rovinj ; Boštjan Milavec, Nova Gorica, Slovenia ; Dr. Josip Milić, Zagreb University ; Dr. Michael Milkovich, St. Petersburg, U.S.A. ; Dr. Ivan Mirnik ; Zoran Mitrović ; Marija Olga Moklović ; Museum Exhibition Centre, Zagreb ; Branka Nedved, Knin/Zadar ; Dr. Ružica Nikolić ; Vladimir Novak ; Alma Orlić ; Osijek, Museum of Slavonia (Dr. Hermine Göricke-Lukić) ; Darko Periša ; Emma Pitarević née Bongi, Dubrovnik ; Neda Prpić ; Zdenko Radelić ; Petar Marija Radelj, Dubrovnik ; Gen. Markica Rebić ; Ante Rendić-Miočević ; Silva Reščec, Graz, Austria ; Nina Ristić, née Aleksander, Johannesburg ; Ivan Ružić ; Katica Simoni ; Margita Smole Gavrilović, Sarajevo ; Ana Solter ; Dr. Herwig van Staa, Inssbruck, Tyrol, Austria ; Prof. Dr. Stjepan Steiner, Zagreb ; Shulamit Celina Steiner, Haifa, Israel ; Prof. Dr. Božidar Stilinović ; Josip Sveštarov ; Dr. Nikola Šipuš ; Dr. Marko Škreb ; Zlatko Štefiček ; Dr. Berislav Tomac, Hagen, Germany ; Dr. Zlatko Tuđina, Munich, Germany ; Trsat, Franciscan Monastery ; Vera Vejvoda ; Dr. Zdenko Vinski ; Maja Vitković, Jastrebarsko ; Nada Vusić ; Zagreb City Administration (Darko Schneider) ; Zagreb Bank (Marketing – Snježana Balić) ; Zagreb University, Rector's office (Olga Šarlog Bavoljak) ; Dr. Pietro Zander, Rome ; Vjera Zlatar y Montan, M.A., Antofagasta, Chile and Dr. Ing. Zora Žerdik Smolčić, all from Zagreb, unless indicated otherwise. Several donors wanted to remain anonymous. As has already been mentioned, the collection has grown since 1990 also through purchase of numismatic material: Year Gift Purchase 1990 44 - 1991 657 45 1992 109 - 1993. 57 14 1994. 160 - 1995. 19 - 1996. 126 7 1997. 313 11 1998. 166 86 1999. 258 12 2000. 282 11 2001. 2327 439 2002. 13 27 2003. 69 237 2004. 71 5 2005. 258 94 2006. 450 3930 2007. 13 34 2008. 19 10 2009. 1059 118 2010. 262 193 Total 6732 5273 Because of the diversity and quantity of numismatic material, it would prove impossible to present all the objects given to the Zagreb Archaeological Museum Numismatic Collection in the course of these twenty years. Thus for instance most of the banknotes and shares have been left out, because their exhibiting needs special conditions, starting with the dim light. It was also impossible to exhibit ancient or mediaeval and modern coins because of their quantity, quality, and primarily their small size. They have partly served to be included into the systematic collections, and partly packed and deposited in safes. While writing a review on the Monetary Circulation in the Southeastern Alpine region ca. 300 B.C.- A.D. 100. Situla, 24/1984-5 (1986), by Peter Kos (MIRNIK 1988), I realised that in the former state and under the former regime we in Croatia were still very far from computers and computerization in museums. Unexpectedly, the Zagreb Archaeological Museum received its first, rather simple PC in 1990 and we were all reluctant to venture using it. Some colleagues from other departments and the late Zdenka Dukat of the Numismatic Department attended a course and I, bravely ignoring this course, started writing various texts, helped by another colleague, who did not know much himself either. Learning from several colleagues from abroad what they were doing and having visited some European numismatic institutions I became acquainted with various programmes used there for documenting coins. The one which impressed me most was NUMIZ, developed by the Ljubljana National Museum (Slovenia), i. e. by Peter Kos, Andrej Šemrov and Robert Primožič since 1988 (cf. P. KOS. Computer programme NUMIZ. From coin identification to final publication). What impressed me most was the manual for this programme: it consisted of one sparsely written page! If you were a professional numismatist, with little experience in the computer field, there were no obstacles to your immediate acquaintance with NUMIZ. In a few days I was able to use it properly. In October 1992 the Zagreb Archaeological Museum acquired the licence to use this programme and it was installed and translated into Croatian soon afterwards. Some alterations had to be made especially for the Zagreb Collection because of its peculiarities (five separate intventories, all starting from 1 onwards, solved by adding a capital letter A-E, indicating the period). NUMIZ respects all geographical, chronological, hierarchical etc. parameters and at any time you can continue to build up any construction, or change, or correct it. The search is quick and practical. With a suitable printer its publication is at hand. At the moment there are more than 42500 items described in this programme in Zagreb. We hope that the most recent version will soon be installed, not only in Zagreb, but also in other Croatian museums with major numismatic collections. In 1977 the permanent numismatic exhibition was opened, now enlarged with three smaller and two larger show cases. The entire collection of more than 280.000 specimens is divided into six sections, registered in six different inventories, five of which form the systematic collection: A. Greek coins etc. Nos.1-12.398 ; B. Roman Republican coins, Nos. 1-2.512 ; C. Roman Imperial Coins, Nos.1-48.001 ; D. Byzantine coins, No.1--2.140 ; E. Mediaeval and modern coins, medals etc., Nos.1-55.631. The chief inventary contains duplicates, badly preserved specimens with provenance etc. (G ; Nos. 1-2.388, 174.638 specimens). The given data prove that there is really very much to be done in Zagreb. Yet we are facing many grave problems: lack of personnel, lack of space, relative lack of the up-to-date literature. Only two curators are in charge of the entire collection, and there is no laboratory needed so much for the conservation of coins and medals. The author’s first direct contacts with a serious approach to computerization in a numismatic cabinet happened in 1983 in Luxemburg, when he saw how Raymond Weiller, curator of the State Museums of the Grand Duchy of Luxemburg worked on two connected computers, one at his office, one at home, so he was not compelled to interrupt his work. Therefore his results even in those days were exceptional: five volumes of Roman numismatic topography of Luxemburg (FMR Luxemburg). Another numismatic program, dedicated to numismatic topography was shown to me almost at the same time in Padua, where this project was headed by Giovanni Gorinija – here too the results have been published in a dozen volumes. The Messina University, its chair of Greeek and Roman numismatics, later started a project called “Dracma” (Diffusion and Reserch on the Ancient Coinage of the Mediterranean Area). Some decade ago another programme was propagated, called “Kroisos”, by a work group from Saarbrücken in Germany, and it resembles those programmes that can be downloaded from the internet. Photographic documentation too has undergone drastic changes in the last few years. Besides being documented by simple scanning, coins and medals are also digitally photographed, and the existing negatives, both on glass and celluloid, and slides, are gradually transferred into digital size. To conclude, patriots have always readily presented the Museum with a very ample range of objects, they still do so now and will in the future, because they know that museums are banks, safes where the past of a nation is guarded, and it remains there for the generations to come.

coins; medals; badges; orders; dies; donations; Zagreb Archaeological Museum Numismatic Collction

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