engleski

Designing an effective poultry vaccination program

Until today, vaccination is one of the most effective and inexpensive ways to prevent and eradicate specific diseases. Thus vaccines have contributed immensely to the prevention and control of mayor diseases of poultry which were previously incurable or difficult to cure. Moreover, many infectious diseases which were not of economic concern in the past showed their malignant nature in farm reared poultry hybrids. Consequently, numerous vaccines against viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases of poultry are in use today, but satisfactory postvaccinal immunity can be achieved only if good vaccination program is undertaken. Vaccination programs are designed to prevent or reduce losses caused by disease in either or both the vaccinated birds and their progeny. The factors that influence vaccine-response in poultry are numerous, but seldom are all of them considered. Not only immunological, but commercial factors must be considered, too. So, epizootiological situation, nature of disease, flock history, age and type of birds, maternal antibody status, condition of flock, type of vaccines and their interference, national legislation, as well as cost benefit analysis are the most important factor for designing effective vaccination program. Highly contagious and rapid-spreading diseases have to be considered at regional level, while others exclusively on local or even on farm circumstances. Also, advantage has to be given to more important and more prevalent disease in the region/farm. Thus, there is no general program that is suitable for all areas or all situations. Instead, each program must be designed to meet the needs of the individual farm. Nevertheless, regional vaccination programmes made by local authorities should be used as a guide for planing an own vaccination program. Programs may not be rigid at all, but fundamental principles and rules must be strongly respected.

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