hrvatski

Dopisivanje don Mije Jerka Granića iz Muća Gornjeg s don Šimom Ljubića u Zagrebu

Correspondence between Don Mijo Jerko Granić from Muć Gornji and Don Šime Ljubić in Zagreb At this moment the Zagreb Archaeological Museum treasures approximately 400.000 most different items, made during several millenia, but among them there are three most valuable exhibits, its genuine trade mark, the pride of Zagreb and the whole of Croatia. In chronological row, these unique monuments, by whom the Zagreb Archaeological Museum is known throughout the world are as follows: the «Dove» of Vučedol, the Zagreb Book of Linen and the architrave with Duke Branimir's name dated to 888. The last came to the Museum owing to the sefless gesture of Don Miho Jeronim Granić (b. Split, 1.X.1819 – d. 29.XII. 1886), the parish priest of Muć Gornji (Upper Muć) and friend and colleague of Don Šime Ljubić (b. Stari grad/Hvar, 24.V. 1822 – d. Split, 19.X. 1896). About the life of Granić one can learn most from an article published in the Croatian Biographical Lexicon (Hrvatski biografski leksikon), followed by a bibliography of his articles, but articles on him. M.J. Granić can be considered as the father and initiator of the early Croatian archaeology, a presecessor of Fra Lujo Marun and all the hard-working scholars, who followed him. Granić is also very important because of his excavations of the Roman remains of what used to be the Roman Andetrium. Granić's great merits for the early Croatian archaeology was clearly described by Stipe Gunjača. When M.J. Granić died in Split on December 29, 1886, Š. Ljubić published an obituary in two places. Granić arrived as the new parish priest at Muć Gornji in 1869. As the existing parish church, dedicated to st. Peter had become too small, he initiated its enlargement in 1871. While digging a beautiful architectural fragment was discovered, a piece of an altar screen, with one of the inscriptions mentioning the Croatian duke Branimir, which, in addition, was dated. This sensational discovery was made public to the nation and its cultural and political world by M.J. Granić in the same year. In the following year Granić presented the architrave to the Archaeological Department of the Croatian National Museum, which was followed by the arrival of Š. Ljubić at Muć in order to inspect the site in person. The block bearing the inscription of Duke Branimir was considered by J. Brunšmid to be part of a door-frame. In fact he was unable to see the hole in its lower surface, which was drilled for a metal peg, in order to connect the architrave with a pillar, because it had been filled with plaster. This fragment was undug in the ruins of the first St. Peter's church, at a depth of 2 metres, late in August 1871. According to Dyggve the original church had a central ground plan with four apses. Each of the apses, more than 5 metres in diameter, had two buttresses, which means that the size of the church could have been 14x14m, and this is quite monumental. Revision excavations by Mate Zekan undertaken between 1975 and 1979 proved that the original church does not seem to have had a central gound plan, but that a Roman civil building had been adapted into a Christian church. As has been said, in 1872 Granić sent the valuable Branimir's inscription, a piece of firm limestone, 0.865 long, 0.265 tall and 0.125 m thick, together with eleven undecorated stone fragments to the Zagreb National Museum. Branimir's inscription has been studied by many scholars. The first readings were by the parish priest M.J. Granić, by the historian F. Rački and by Š. Ljubića, and later on they were corrected by many other historians and archaeologists. According to the majority this complicated inscription bearing the name of Duke Branimir ought to be deciphered more or less as: <Tempore ducis?> BRANIMIRI. ANNOR(um) XPI (=Christi) SACRA DE VIRG(ine) CARNE(m) VT SV(m)PSI(it). S(acram). DCCC.LXXX./ ET. VIII. VI.Q(ue). INDIC(tione ili indictio). Starting with the forties of the 20th century the reading S(acram), or as Ljubić thought S(eu) or S(cilicet), or even more daringly read by Rački: sumptibus suis sacravit, has become more logical and can be explained as as mere S(unt). Similar formulations can be found in a document issued by Duke Muncimir dated to August 28, 892: Anno utique sacram postquam Christus carnem ex uirgine sumpsit, as well as in a parchmend written in Zadar in 1096: Anno, ex quo redemptor humani generis dominus Jesus Christus sacram carnem ex intemerata uirgine Maria recepit. It would be superfluos to point out the importance of this inscription mentioning a Croatian ruler, to whom Pope John VIII addressed several letters. His name, together with that of his consort Maruša (Mariosa cometissa), were inscribed into the Cividale Gospel. Although the inscription from Muć Gornji is not the only one bearing Branimir's name – there are four – it is the first among them, and among the numerous Early Croatian inscriptions it is the earliest dated one. At the same time this is the earliest dated inscription of all the Slavs. In a separate package (under Muć Gornji), preserved in the Zagreb Archaeological Museum, there are several letters written by M.J. Granić and addressed to Š. Ljubić, as well as two drawings by Granić of monuments found at Muć, described by him in some of the letters. Some of the letters bear notes by Ljubić on the verso. The same file also contains a letter by Ante Karić, a priest from Split, one draft of a letter by Ljubić to the famous viennese professor Alexander Conze (dated to April 17, 1874), and the manuscript of the translation into Croatian of an article by a priest and archaeologist from Makarska, Petar Kaer (b. Makarska, 10 Dec. 1848 – d. 24 Sept. 1919), edited for print by Josip Brunšmid, the successor of Ljubić. Among the existing letters by Granić, only one was published in the periodical Vjestnik Hrvatskoga arkeologičkoga družtva, while other letters, published there, are not preserved. Perhaps they were left at the printer's or are preserved somewhere. Neither are preserved the two ground plans of discovered arhitecture, published by Ljubić. All the letters by the Museum deputies were edited by Ljubić in a limited measure and accompanied by his comments. The preserved letters by Granić date between December 7, 1872 and May 26, 1886. A letter by the «father of Early Christian archaeology», the great Giovanni Battista de Rossija (b. Roma, 23 Feb.1822 – d. Castel Gandolfo, 21 Sept. 1894), written in Rome on April 29, 1874 would also belong into this file. We must know, that after Duke Branimir's inscription was found, whose reading was difficult even to the most skilled epigraphist, specialized in this period, Š. Ljubić wanted to consult the most eminent scholars, among Alexander Conze in Vienna and Giovanni Battista de Rossi in Rome. Only Ljubić's draft of his letter to Conze, dated to April 17, 1874 has survived and the already mentioned de Rossi's answer, neither Conze's reply, nor Ljubić's letter to de Rossi are at our disposal. Several letters by Conze to Ljubić however can be found in the Museum's archives, in the file concerning Isidor Kršnjavi, but not dealing with Branimir's inscription, together with the letter by de Rossi. Why is it so, and this letter is not in the file containing Ljubić's documents? The explanation lies in this. In 1879 a great cultural scandal broke out in Zagreb, and it lasted until into 1880 causing much amusement among the people. Two fiery scholars quarreled because of the foundation of the future Museum of Arts and Crafts: Isidor Kršnjavi (b. Našice, 1845 – d. Zagreb, 1927), the art historian, painter and politician and Don Šime Ljubić. Kršnjavi planned to found this museum and Ljubić tried to stop this. Ljubić's quarrelsome character was described by Kršnjavi much later – but he himself was not immune against such ways of communication. The polemics in the newspaper «Obzor» (Horizon) took quite a vicious tone. Words were published as «swindler» and the case ended at court. Ljubić, of course, lost the process. Ljubić, in order to prove his high reputation in the scholarly world, which was contested by Kršnjavi, brought to court many letters, written by most emiment scholars, archaeologists of the era. So Conze's letters were laid together with the one by de Rossi and all the articles published in the Obzor. The epilogue to this process took place in 1892, when Ljubić was retired as soon as Kršnjavi became head of the Royal Croatian Slavonian Dalmatian's Department of Divinity and Education. Wile we read the charming antiquated Croatian language and ortography as used by Granić, we find quite a few words, which have vanished from the colloquial language, which not even local Dalmatians understand any more. These letters, previously published and unpublished vividly depict the everyday life of a Roman Catholic parish priest in a poor, distant parish. Many of the described events could have happened to any of contemporary archaeologists.

Granić Mijo Jerko; Ljubić Šime; Andetrium; Muć Gornji; Branimirov natpis

nije evidentirano

engleski

Correspondence between Don Mijo Jerko Granić from Muć Gornji and Don Šime Ljubić in Zagreb

Correspondence between Don Mijo Jerko Granić from Muć Gornji and Don Šime Ljubić in Zagreb At this moment the Zagreb Archaeological Museum treasures approximately 400.000 most different items, made during several millenia, but among them there are three most valuable exhibits, its genuine trade mark, the pride of Zagreb and the whole of Croatia. In chronological row, these unique monuments, by whom the Zagreb Archaeological Museum is known throughout the world are as follows: the «Dove» of Vučedol, the Zagreb Book of Linen and the architrave with Duke Branimir's name dated to 888. The last came to the Museum owing to the sefless gesture of Don Miho Jeronim Granić (b. Split, 1.X.1819 – d. 29.XII. 1886), the parish priest of Muć Gornji (Upper Muć) and friend and colleague of Don Šime Ljubić (b. Stari grad/Hvar, 24.V. 1822 – d. Split, 19.X. 1896). About the life of Granić one can learn most from an article published in the Croatian Biographical Lexicon (Hrvatski biografski leksikon), followed by a bibliography of his articles, but articles on him. M.J. Granić can be considered as the father and initiator of the early Croatian archaeology, a presecessor of Fra Lujo Marun and all the hard-working scholars, who followed him. Granić is also very important because of his excavations of the Roman remains of what used to be the Roman Andetrium. Granić's great merits for the early Croatian archaeology was clearly described by Stipe Gunjača. When M.J. Granić died in Split on December 29, 1886, Š. Ljubić published an obituary in two places. Granić arrived as the new parish priest at Muć Gornji in 1869. As the existing parish church, dedicated to st. Peter had become too small, he initiated its enlargement in 1871. While digging a beautiful architectural fragment was discovered, a piece of an altar screen, with one of the inscriptions mentioning the Croatian duke Branimir, which, in addition, was dated. This sensational discovery was made public to the nation and its cultural and political world by M.J. Granić in the same year. In the following year Granić presented the architrave to the Archaeological Department of the Croatian National Museum, which was followed by the arrival of Š. Ljubić at Muć in order to inspect the site in person. The block bearing the inscription of Duke Branimir was considered by J. Brunšmid to be part of a door-frame. In fact he was unable to see the hole in its lower surface, which was drilled for a metal peg, in order to connect the architrave with a pillar, because it had been filled with plaster. This fragment was undug in the ruins of the first St. Peter's church, at a depth of 2 metres, late in August 1871. According to Dyggve the original church had a central ground plan with four apses. Each of the apses, more than 5 metres in diameter, had two buttresses, which means that the size of the church could have been 14x14m, and this is quite monumental. Revision excavations by Mate Zekan undertaken between 1975 and 1979 proved that the original church does not seem to have had a central gound plan, but that a Roman civil building had been adapted into a Christian church. As has been said, in 1872 Granić sent the valuable Branimir's inscription, a piece of firm limestone, 0.865 long, 0.265 tall and 0.125 m thick, together with eleven undecorated stone fragments to the Zagreb National Museum. Branimir's inscription has been studied by many scholars. The first readings were by the parish priest M.J. Granić, by the historian F. Rački and by Š. Ljubića, and later on they were corrected by many other historians and archaeologists. According to the majority this complicated inscription bearing the name of Duke Branimir ought to be deciphered more or less as: <Tempore ducis?> BRANIMIRI. ANNOR(um) XPI (=Christi) SACRA DE VIRG(ine) CARNE(m) VT SV(m)PSI(it). S(acram). DCCC.LXXX./ ET. VIII. VI.Q(ue). INDIC(tione ili indictio). Starting with the forties of the 20th century the reading S(acram), or as Ljubić thought S(eu) or S(cilicet), or even more daringly read by Rački: sumptibus suis sacravit, has become more logical and can be explained as as mere S(unt). Similar formulations can be found in a document issued by Duke Muncimir dated to August 28, 892: Anno utique sacram postquam Christus carnem ex uirgine sumpsit, as well as in a parchmend written in Zadar in 1096: Anno, ex quo redemptor humani generis dominus Jesus Christus sacram carnem ex intemerata uirgine Maria recepit. It would be superfluos to point out the importance of this inscription mentioning a Croatian ruler, to whom Pope John VIII addressed several letters. His name, together with that of his consort Maruša (Mariosa cometissa), were inscribed into the Cividale Gospel. Although the inscription from Muć Gornji is not the only one bearing Branimir's name – there are four – it is the first among them, and among the numerous Early Croatian inscriptions it is the earliest dated one. At the same time this is the earliest dated inscription of all the Slavs. In a separate package (under Muć Gornji), preserved in the Zagreb Archaeological Museum, there are several letters written by M.J. Granić and addressed to Š. Ljubić, as well as two drawings by Granić of monuments found at Muć, described by him in some of the letters. Some of the letters bear notes by Ljubić on the verso. The same file also contains a letter by Ante Karić, a priest from Split, one draft of a letter by Ljubić to the famous viennese professor Alexander Conze (dated to April 17, 1874), and the manuscript of the translation into Croatian of an article by a priest and archaeologist from Makarska, Petar Kaer (b. Makarska, 10 Dec. 1848 – d. 24 Sept. 1919), edited for print by Josip Brunšmid, the successor of Ljubić. Among the existing letters by Granić, only one was published in the periodical Vjestnik Hrvatskoga arkeologičkoga družtva, while other letters, published there, are not preserved. Perhaps they were left at the printer's or are preserved somewhere. Neither are preserved the two ground plans of discovered arhitecture, published by Ljubić. All the letters by the Museum deputies were edited by Ljubić in a limited measure and accompanied by his comments. The preserved letters by Granić date between December 7, 1872 and May 26, 1886. A letter by the «father of Early Christian archaeology», the great Giovanni Battista de Rossija (b. Roma, 23 Feb.1822 – d. Castel Gandolfo, 21 Sept. 1894), written in Rome on April 29, 1874 would also belong into this file. We must know, that after Duke Branimir's inscription was found, whose reading was difficult even to the most skilled epigraphist, specialized in this period, Š. Ljubić wanted to consult the most eminent scholars, among Alexander Conze in Vienna and Giovanni Battista de Rossi in Rome. Only Ljubić's draft of his letter to Conze, dated to April 17, 1874 has survived and the already mentioned de Rossi's answer, neither Conze's reply, nor Ljubić's letter to de Rossi are at our disposal. Several letters by Conze to Ljubić however can be found in the Museum's archives, in the file concerning Isidor Kršnjavi, but not dealing with Branimir's inscription, together with the letter by de Rossi. Why is it so, and this letter is not in the file containing Ljubić's documents? The explanation lies in this. In 1879 a great cultural scandal broke out in Zagreb, and it lasted until into 1880 causing much amusement among the people. Two fiery scholars quarreled because of the foundation of the future Museum of Arts and Crafts: Isidor Kršnjavi (b. Našice, 1845 – d. Zagreb, 1927), the art historian, painter and politician and Don Šime Ljubić. Kršnjavi planned to found this museum and Ljubić tried to stop this. Ljubić's quarrelsome character was described by Kršnjavi much later – but he himself was not immune against such ways of communication. The polemics in the newspaper «Obzor» (Horizon) took quite a vicious tone. Words were published as «swindler» and the case ended at court. Ljubić, of course, lost the process. Ljubić, in order to prove his high reputation in the scholarly world, which was contested by Kršnjavi, brought to court many letters, written by most emiment scholars, archaeologists of the era. So Conze's letters were laid together with the one by de Rossi and all the articles published in the Obzor. The epilogue to this process took place in 1892, when Ljubić was retired as soon as Kršnjavi became head of the Royal Croatian Slavonian Dalmatian's Department of Divinity and Education. Wile we read the charming antiquated Croatian language and ortography as used by Granić, we find quite a few words, which have vanished from the colloquial language, which not even local Dalmatians understand any more. These letters, previously published and unpublished vividly depict the everyday life of a Roman Catholic parish priest in a poor, distant parish. Many of the described events could have happened to any of contemporary archaeologists.

Granić Mijo Jerko; Ljubić Šime; Andetrium; Muć Gornji; Duke Branimir's inscription

nije evidentirano