engleski

Pedigree of OS winter wheat cultivars

Hybridisation or combinational breeding is main mean of creating, by far, the greatest genetic variability that is not possible to create by some other mean. All OS wheat cultivars were created by this way except Osječanka and Osječanka 2. From 1936. to 1950. year 20 U-wheats were created, and from which U-1, U-12, U-14, U-15 and U-16 have been introduced into production without formal and official registration as we know today. From 1968. to 1998. year from 36 crossing combinations 51 OS wheat cultivars were registered in Croatia, and from them five were registered abroad. In whole breeding program the most important are 7-8 crossing combinations. Eight cultivars stemmed from crossing combination Osk.4.216/2-76 x Zg 2877-74 and reciprocally. However, these cultivars are differentiating by many traits among selves because they were created by gene recombination of common and other ancestors. Looking back a few generations, regardless of geographical distance of ancestors, it can be seen that majority OS cultivars have a few common ancestors. Closer ancestral basis of OS wheat cultivars makes Libellula, Bezostaja-1, Slavonka and Zlatna dolina.The most frequent parents of registered OS wheat cultivars are Osk.4.216/2-76 (14 times), Slavonija (10 times) and Zg 2877-74 (9 times). Following the pedigree of OS wheat cultivars we can get insight in wheat breeding at the Agricultural Institute of Osijek regarding the parents involved in hybridisation, introduction of resistance to low temperatures, different diseases, drought, lodging, methods of crossing and step by step creation of genetical basis for high yields and (very) good quality of grain, flour and bread, and it can be used in present and future breeding programes.

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