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Glucosinolate Profiling and Antimicrobial Screening of Aurinia leucadea (Brassicaceae)

Glucosinolates (GLs) were characterized in the various aerial parts (stem, leaf and flower) of Aurinia leucadea (Guss.) C. Koch and quantified according to the ISO 9167-1 official method based on the HPLC analysis of desulfoglucosinolates. The eight following GLs glucoraphanin (GRA), glucoalyssin (GAL), gluconapin (GNA), glucocochlearin (GCC), glucobrassicanapin (GBN), glucotropaeolin (GTL), glucoerucin (GER) and glucoberteroin (GBE) were identified. Total GL contents were 57.1, 37.9 and 81.3 μmol/g dry weight in stem, leaf and flower, respectively. The major GLs detected in all parts of the plant were GNA, followed by GAL and GBN. Volatiles extracted from aerial parts of fresh plant material by hydrodistillation or dichloromethane extraction and analysed by GC/MS were shown to contain mostly isothiocyanates (ITCs): the main ITCs were 3-butenyl- (55.6 – 71.8%), 4-pentenyl- (7.6 – 15.3%), and 5-(methylsulfinyl)pentyl ITCs (0 – 9.5%), originating from the corresponding GLs i.e. GNA, GBN and GAL, respectively. Antimicrobial activities of the volatile samples were investigated by using the disc diffusion and microdilution assays. They were found to inhibit a wide range of bacteria and fungi, causing in vitro growth inhibition at concentrations of 250 μg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 2.0 to 32.0 μg/ml indicates promising antimicrobial potential of extracts especially against the fungi Candida albicans and Rhizopus stolonifer as well as against the clinically important pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Aurinia leucadea; Brassicaceae; glucosinolates; antimicrobial activity; liquid chromatography; GC-MS.

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