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Pojam sile u Petrićevoj i Boškovićevoj filozofiji prirode: povijesno-epistemološki pristup

Patricius’ phenomenological theory of tides was developed by the three books of Pancosmia (28th Book, 29th Book, and 30th Book, respectively). Patricius investigated a hierarchy of the tidal causes (more than 20 cases), according to the observations of motions of the surface of seas and oceans of his time. Patricius identified the attraction of the Moon and Sun as the first two general tidal causes, especially their respective positions in the sky as well as the influence of the Moon's and Sun's Light on the tides. Patricius did not apprehend the epistemic notion of force (gravity). R. Boscovich gave a refined dynamical picture of the natural unity in his Theory of Natural Philosophy (Vienna 1758 and Venice 1763, respectively) beyond the Newtonian natural philoosphy. Boscovich used for the first time a method of thinking of Newton, Descartes, Spinoza, and Leibniz, synthesized them into his new original method of thinking of Nature. His method may be expressed by the epistemological formula of 'more geometrico sive mathematico – more rationali – more empirico – more theologico', as the four basic concepts of science, philosophy and religion that have been unified together for the first time by the Boscovich's mind. Boscovich comprehended that all matter we see around us is made up of points (puncta) by the single universal law of forces, by realizing a very old atomism dream of philosophy and science. Depending on their distances in the space, forces between the puncta (atoms) can attract or repel (curva Boscovichiana), regardless of whether is it regarded an elementary particles or the entire universe in question. That is an example of a beautiful kind of Boscovich's reasoning when a new 'truth of the reason' or 'vérité de raison' (natural-philosophical apperceptions of the ultimate building blocks of matter) was created, which was not based on the experimental data of his time. Boscovich brought in the original and monumental way optimism into a philosophy of nature, which lives even today at the exploring of the world of the highest energies on the Earth (LHC, CERN).

synthesisers and unifiers; Patricius' tidal causes; Newton's universal law of gravity; Boscovich's universal single law of forces; Boscovich's points (atoms); Boscovich's apperceptions; new physics at CERN

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