engleski

Mobilizability and uptake of selected metals from soil into apples of organic farming

The growing attention of consumers for food safety and environmental concerns has contributed to the spreading of the organic farming over the last few years. Organic farming supports renewable resources and recycling and entails significant restrictions on the use of synthetic pesticides, herbicides and chemical fertilizers which may have detrimental effects on the environment or result in the presence of residues in agricultural products. Soil is the main vehicle by which heavy metals enter plants. In fact, unlike organic pollutants, metals do not biodegrade and usually are not mobile ; so that, their residence time in soil can be threatening the health of animals and humans. Thus the amounts of extractable metals, especially heavy metals, from soil of an organic farming apple orchard in middle Croatia were determined in order to see the potential impact on apple trees and further on the collected fruits and their products. The investigated soil has the following mineral composition: quartz, dolomite, illite, chlorite, chlorite-smectite and kaolinite and organic matter ranging between 5 and 9%. Sequential extraction was used for the fractionation of trace metal content in the studied soils, using acetic acid, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydrogen peroxide, and ammonium acetate as extraction reagents. Concentrations of Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr and Zn in apple orchard soil - were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy. The element mobilizability was determined through the extraction yields of the four steps and the uptake as factor of element concentration in apple versus concentration in soil was determined.

Mobilizability; metals; soil; apples; organic farming

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