engleski

Tillage induced soil compaction consequence in the Pannonian region

This paper is based on soil condition monitoring and measuring that was started 35 years ago and on soil tillage trials modelling and checking the extension of compaction in the soil. The survey comprised 2018 monitoring places on 17280 hectares and on 45 experimental plots. A total of seven typical versions of tillage-induced compaction were identified: 1) favourable to a depth of 60 cm ; 2)favourable to a depth of 40 cm ; 3) compaction at the depth of 28-32 cm ; 4) compaction at the depth of 22-26 cm ; 5) compaction at 18-22 cm ; two compact layers below 16 cm ; 7) three compact layers below 16 cm. The following points were chosen for monitoring: (i) Root zone state. (ii) Occurrence of compacted layer. (iii) Extension of the compacted layer. Accordingly, soil loosened to a depth of 35 – 40 cm qualifies as suitable, soil loosened to 28 – 32 cm is rated as adequate, while soil loosened only to a depth of 16–20 cm is conditionally adequate or inadequate. The depth of the loosened layer is the same as the depth of the layer suitable for water storage. The evaluation of data led to the establishment of four categories: modest damage is to be expected if there is a compacted layer of up to 10 mm in the soil, while if the thickness of the compacted layer is 10–30 mm, 30–50 mm or 50–100 mm, medium, heavy and severe damage should be expected. Serious damage is caused by compaction near the surface.

tillage ; compaction ; pan ; monitoring ; rooting depth ; climate

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