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Ultrasonic fetal and placental tissue characterisation and the role of doppler ultrasound in lung maturity.

The aim of this study is to known the relationship between the gestational age and quantitative assessment of ultrasonic signs of placental tissue, fetal lungs and liver tissue and to correlate Doppler parameters from main stems of the pulmonary arteries for determining fetal lung maturity in normal pregnancy and pregnancy with preeclampsia and diabetes. The placenta, fetal lungs and fetal liver in 300 normal pregnancies, 100 preeclamptic pregnancies and 100 diabetic pregnancy were examined by ultrasound at 30-41 weeks of gestation. The coefficients of variation (the standard deviation divided by the mean value) were used to characterise the tissue in different groups during pregnancy. Doppler velocimetry was performed in the main stems of pulmonary arteries in normal pregnancies and pregnancies with preeclampsia and diabetes. The coefficients of variation in mature foetuses were greater than 29% for placentas in-vivo, greater than 34% for placentas in-vitro, greater than 28% for liver tissue and greater than 30% for lung tissue. Placental, lung and liver tissue of diabetic pregnancy tended to have lower coefficients of variation throughout their pregnancies. We found in mature foetuses mean peak systolic velocity higher than 40 cm/sec. and PI lower than 3,00. In mature foetuses with preeclampsia we found higher mean peak systolic velocity in comparing with normotensive patients. The coefficient of variation values for placentas in-vivo and in-vitro, and fetal lungs and liver increase during pregnancy in normal and preeclamptic patients with increasing gestational age and decrease in diabetic patients.

ultrasonic tissue characterisation; fetus; placenta; lung maturity

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