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Ultrasound-induced transport of paramagnetic particles into monolayer cells

A hypothesis guiding this research was that the size of ultrasound-induced pores in the cell membranes could be determined indirectly by seeding biologically inert particles of different sizes into the extra cellular space and by monitoring their entrance into the cells due to the action of ultrasound. To test this hypothesis, we used paramagnetic particles and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for detection of these particles within the cells after sonication. The monolayer cells were exposed to ultrasound in an anechoic chamber filled with a standard culture medium to which paramagnetic contrast agent Magnevist and ultrasound contrast agent Optison were added. Sonoporation was detected when cells were exposed to ultrasound of 1 MHz frequency and 2.7 W/cm2 acoustic intensity, delivered in bursts of 100 ms at a pulse repetition frequency of 100 Hz. The total treatment duration was 60 s. At the present stage of our research, the paramagnetic particles of 1 nm were successfully delivered into the epithelial cells by sonoporation. However, this method enables the usage of paramagnetic particles of various sizes and thus the determination of ultrasound-induced pores in the cell membranes.

Ultrasound-induced transport; Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Paramagnetic contrast agent

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