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Architectural Decoration of the Capitoline Temples in the Roman Colony Iulia Pola and the Municipality of Nesactium

Based on their style and making, the decorations in the friezes, cornices, pediments, capitals and columns in the three Capitoline temples located on the northwestern side of the Pula Forum are dated into the period between the end of the 1st c. BC and the end of the 1st c. AD. The decorations found in Temple of Augustus in particular are compared to the Ara Pacis and Mars Ultor temples in Rome. The building of Temple of Diana is dated to the end of the Iulio-Claudian and the beginning of the Flavian period, especially in view of its rosettes and floral motifs, which are thematically equal, but executed in a more schematic way. The process of decorating the Capitoline temples in Nesactium can be divided into three phases: 1) from the 1st c. BC to the end of the 1st c. AD ; 2) from the second half of the 1st c. AD to the beginning of the 2nd c. AD, i.e. the period of the adaptation of the Nesactian Forum and temples during the rule of prefect Titus Prifernius Paeto Settidianus ; and 3) the adaptation phase during the reign of Emperor Gordian III (238-244). There is evidence suggesting that the adaptation of some Forum buildings reached even into the 5th c. The comparison of stylistically similar elements of Roman sacral buildings at both locations allowed for the conclusion that those located in Pula were of better quality and easier to date, whereas those in Nesactium imitated the typology and motifs present in the Colony of Pola.

Decoration, Capitoline Temples, Pola, Nesactium

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