engleski

Medieval Planned Towns in Croatia. Urban Heritage as an Element on Space Identity

Medieval towns in continental Croatia date from the 11th c. but few were built according to plan (Zagreb-Gradec, 1242 ; Križevci 14th / 15th c.). In coastal planned medieval towns are irregularly distributed ; hardly any in Istria and the Kvarner, relatively many in Dalmatia, especially in the former Dubrovnik Republic. Towns built completely according to plan date from the 13th – 15th c. (Korčula with a specific ‘herringbone’ matrix, 13th c. ; Hvar with orthogonal planimetry adapted to the slope, 13th/14th c. ; salt-flat towns Mali and Veliki Ston, 1335, and Pag, 1443). In some towns older parts were regularized after the 13th c. (central areas of Dubrovnik, 1272), or existing nuclei were extended by new planned zones (Dubrovnik-Prijeko, 1296. ; Trogir-Pasike, 14th c. ; new part of Cres, 15th c. ; Pile suburb in Dubrovnik, 15th c. ; centre of Draguć in Istria, small-scale development in Omiš, Buzet, Buje, Gračišće). Medieval Croatia had 50 towns with communal status, leading to small-scale secondary regularization resulting from local building rules (plot width, number of storeys, fire protection, correlation between public and private areas, sewage and drainage). Frequent micro-urban structures were the elongated block with two rows of houses flanking a narrow drainage conduit (klončine, kolovaje, kanižele), and the standardized built-up plot (Prijeko in Dubrovnik, 6.14 x 6.14 m). A special group are medieval towns with a regular orthogonal matrix (urbs qadrata) not of medieval origin but echoing an earlier Roman grid (Zadar / Iader, Poreč / Parentium, probably Rab / Arba, medieval Split within Diocletian´s Palace). During transition to Renaissance (late 15th – first half 16th c.) many semi-urban settlements developed, still in the medieval tradition ; these were often planned fortified estates in the hinterland of cities (Kaštela near Split, Seget near Trogir, Sv. Vinčent in Istria, Cavtat and Molunat in Konavle near Dubrovnik, Orebići and Potomje on Pelješac).

medieval towns; planned towns; urban forms; urban planimetry

nije evidentirano