engleski

Soil phenomena and soil tillage defects in the past two years – A scientific approach

Years 2010 and 2011 saw particularly extreme weather patterns in the Pannonian region, as 2010 was a year of extreme amounts of rains, while 2011 saw extremely dry. These weather extremes took their toll on arable soils. The effects of the rain stress (namely, the washing off of dust and clay colloids), soil settlement, the expansion of the existing compact layer and the diminishing in the crumb fraction called for remedial operations to improve the soils condition in the next year. This goal could only partly be met in the soils that lost much of their moisture content during the extremely dry weather in 2011 despite the serious efforts made to achieve some improvement. In our long term Soil quality – climate experiment near the town of Hatvan we studied the impacts of compaction – that grew increasingly prominent during the wet year of 2010 – on the clod content of the soil after primary tillage and also that of the seedbed, along with the impacts of the rainy and the dry years on the soil agronomical structure as well as the impacts of a cloddy surface layer and the cavities in the tilled layer on moisture transport in the soil top layer. These years of extreme weather conditions resulted in the loss of some of the improvements achieved in earlier years – e.g. compaction which we had successfully avoided for 8 years appeared and aggravated, in the wake of the breaking up of the compact layer the soil contained a significant clod fraction after primary tillage and the proportion of the crumb fraction fell short of the optimum in both the wet and the dry years. The soil condition factors under review confirmed the advantages of direct drilling and shallow tillage, the quality of the soil was less favourable after the somewhat deeper tine tillage but it was still much better than the soil condition after loosening and ploughing. Year 2012 is promising to be another testing year for the various tillage techniques.

soil ; rain-stress ; dust leaching ; compaction ; crumb ; water loss

nije evidentirano