engleski

Influence of sunflower cytoplasmic male sterile and restorer line on grain yield stability among different environmental conditions

On each crop production, the environmental conditions (soil, weather conditions), have the highest impact. Therefore, after creation of new hybrid combinations, it is needed to check the behavior of these genotypes in different environmental conditions. With purpose of testing new sunflower hybrid combinations of the Agricultural Institute Osijek, during 2009 and 2010, field trials were sown on different localities in Croatia. In both years, trials were conducted in Beli Manastir (BM09 and BM10), Nova Gradiška (NG09 and NG10) and Osijek (Os09 and Os10), and in 2010, a trial was sown in Vukovar (Vu10) as well. These trials comprehend 3 mother cytoplasmic male sterile lines (1-3) with a set of 8 fertility restorer lines (four branching restorers: oG1-4 and four single-headed restorers: oM5-8). On grain yield data, for years and localities (7 environments), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI) analysis by statistical software SAS for Windows 9.1 were made. In order to better oversight grain yield stability of different hybrid combinations in different environments, AMMI1 and AMMI2 biplots were made by IRRISTAT for Windows 5.0 software. Between hybrid combinations of mother lines (1-3), statistically significant differences were not found. Among analyzed environments, statistically significant the highest grain yield was realized in the environment Os09 (4.220 t ha-1), then in BM09 and Os10. The highest grain yields, statistically in the same rank, had hybrid combinations with oG2 and oM7 restorers (3.726 and 3.666 t ha-1). By accumulation, first two Interaction Principle Components (IPC) explain 85.4, 76.6 and 64.8 % variability for crosses cms1, cms2 and cms3 lines. AMMI1 and AMMI2 biplots were shown that the highest yielded hybrid combinations had not the most stabile grain yield. The highest stability is shown in restorer line oM7 in cross combinations with cms1 and cms 2 lines (inbred lines), while the same restorer line in crossing with cms3 line (sterile single-cross) had a large genotype x environment interaction, respectively low stability.

sunflower; grain yield; Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI); AMMI1 and AMMI2 biplots

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