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Sepulcrum Diocletiani – κοιτὼν τοῦ Διοκλητιανοῦ – templum Iovi dicatum? Functions of Diocletian’s mausoleum in the context of Hébrard–Zeiller’s and Niemann’s opus

Since the late 19th century, modern scholarship has devoted considerable attention to the problem of original layout and function of Diocletian’s mausoleum at Split. Beside the very important monographs by Niemann, Hébrard & Zeiller centenary of which is currently being marked, the two French scholars also produced several less known and rarely mentioned works on the same topic, that also merit attention. Ernest Hébrard, for example, published an article concerning important issues that reflect upon the Late Antique imperial sepulchral architecture: »Les travaux du Service archéologique de l'armée d'Orient à l'arc de triomphe ‹ de Galère › et à l'église Saint-Georges de Salonique« (Bulletin de correspondance hellénique, 1920). Jacques Zeiller, on the other hand, developed his reflections on Diocletian's tomb and palace in several stages before and after his and Hébrard's 1912 book, such as »Le palais de Dioclétien à Spalato« (Comptes-rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 1908) and »Sur l'origine de Spalato« (Mélanges Cagnat, Paris, 1912), finally »Sur la place du palais de Dioclétien à Spalato dans l'histoire de l'art« (Byzantion, 1931). At last, one should mention two other works co-authored by Hébrard and Zeiller, namely »À travers le palais de Dioclétien à Spalato« (Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire, 1911) and a booklet Le palais de Dioclétien a Spalato (Paris, 1911). Next to the mentioned contributions by Georg Niemann (1841–1912) as well as Ernest-Michel Hébrard (1875–1933) and Jacques Zeiller (1878–1962), notable scholars who devoted their attention to the original functions of Diocletian’s mausoleum include Francesco Lanza (1808–1892), Frane Bulić (1846–1934), Ljubo Karaman (1886–1971), Luka Jelić (1864–1922), Josef Strzygowski (1862–1941), Ejnar Dyggve (1887–1961), Earl Baldwin Smith (1888–1956), Karl M. Swoboda (1889–1977), André Grabar (1896–1990), Heinz Kähler (1905–1974), Luigi Crema (1905–1975), Cvito Fisković (1908–1996), Branimir Gabričević (1915–1996), Duje Rendić Miočević (1916–1993), Rudolf Fellmann (1925–), Alfred Frazer (1928–1994), Noël Duval (1929–), Tomislav Marasović (1929–), Dragoslav Srejović (1931–1996), Sheila McNally (19–), John J. Wilkes (1936–), Nenad Cambi (1937–), Slobodan Čurčić (1940–), Frank Kolb (1945–), Jean Guyon (1945–), Ivo Babić (1946–), Wolfgang Kuhoff (1951–), Josip Belamarić (1953–) and Mark J. Johnson (1954–). Briefly summarizing the contributions by the mentioned archaeologists, historians, historians of art and architecture, especially the ones by Niemann, Hébrard and Zeiller, the author will try to delineate the importance of their work, as well as offer his own interpretation of the original function of inner spaces of Diocletian’s mausoleum.

Split; Late Antiquity; Diocletian's palace; mausoleum; functions; Georg Niemann; Ernest Hébrard; Jacques Zeiller

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