engleski

The Role of Energy Storage in Planning of 100% Renewable Energy Systems

The ultimate goals of sustainable development of modern societies are the planning and development of energy systems, so most of the developed countries have focused their energy policies on the development of sustainable energy systems. These systems should provide security of energy supply and they should be competitive and have a minimal impact on the environment. In the long term, only renewable energy sources supported by energy storage can fulfil these requirements. There are many RES and storage technologies, so it is important to optimise their selection and integration in the energy systems. Today, there are many methods, methodologies and computer tools for solving problems of energy planning with a high share of distributed and renewable energy sources, but only a few of them successfully integrate energy storage and provide adequate results. To enhance the security of energy supply, efficiency and safety of the grid-connected energy systems, in conditions of increased penetration of distributed and renewable sources, it is necessary to increase the flexibility of the system. This also includes increasing the capacities of energy storage, both on the side of the power plants and on the end-use side. The RenewIslands/ADEG methodology for the integration of energy storage is based on mapping of local needs for electricity, heating and cooling energy, transport fuels and similar, mapping of local potentials of RES, cogeneration and polygeneration, and feasibility of energy storage and demand management measures, such as reversible hydro, batteries, compressed air storage, hydrogen, production of different fuels, water desalination, etc. Combined, with IEA FAST methodology for integration of variable renewable energy sources, they qualitatively determine more a detailed way towards 100% RES systems. As a support for the methodology, two energy planning models, H2RES and EnergyPLAN, were used for analysis of scenarios for development of 100% RES systems with integrated energy storage. Presented results include 100% RES islands, 100% RES electricity production for Portugal and a 100% RES energy system for Croatia. Today the most widespread form of storage in power systems is pumped or reversible hydro storage, which has many advantages but, like any other storage technology, can be economical only in certain conditions, and has an impact on the environment. To ensure the necessary construction and minimise the risk to investors, feed-in tariffs for storage systems have been proposed. This thesis answers the question: what is the role of energy storage in the planning of an independent energy system based on a RES energy supply? It also shows how, in given circumstances, energy storage maximises the utilisation of RES, provides security of energy supply and minimises the environmental impact of energy systems.

energy planning; energy storage; renewable energy sources; 100% renewable energy systems; feed-in tariffs; sustainable development; post carbon society

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