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Correlation of VEGF and HIF-1α expression with pathological renal artery changes in patients with renal cell carcinoma

Some recent studies showed that necrosis of tumor tissue seem to be an independent prognostic factor. The aim of this study is to correlate expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) with renal artery changes and necrosis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We analyzed renal arteries from patients with RCC and compared them to group of patients with non-tumorous kidney diseases and control group without renal diseases. Also, the expression of VEGF, HIF-1α and CD31 (determing microvascular density-MVD) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and compared to renal artery changes and necrosis in patients with RCC. In the groups of patients with RCC and non-tumorous kidney diseases renal arteries showed high incidence of fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) when compared to control group (p<0.001). Statistically significant difference was found between HIF-1α expression and MVD (tumors with higher HIF-1α expression had higher MVD) (p=0.028) and also between tumor necrosis and MVD (less necrotic tumors had higher MVD) (p=0.016). MVD was also higher in the tumors with renal artery changes, although not statistically significant (p=0.07). Statistically significant difference in the presence and extent of tumor necrosis, VEGF and HIF-1α expression regarding renal artery changes was not found (p=0.912 ; p=0.333 ; p=0.334). The results of this study indicate that renal artery changes should be considered in the future investigations of tumor necrosis. They also stress a need for further investigations of different modalities of antiangiogenic treatment.

vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)

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