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Where does Portugal stand in a world of diverse common bean?

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), with a history of more than five centuries of cultivation in Portugal, is a popular and widely grown crop due to its high organoleptic and nutritional value. To evaluate genetic diversity, 65 representative Portuguese landraces were selected from the national collection at INIAV germplasm bank (PRT005) and from a collecting mission to the Portuguese central-northern regions low-input farming systems. In order to place the Portuguese landraces in the context of world bean diversity, 20 foreign wild and cultivated accessions (1 from Turkey, 1 from the USA and 17 from Central and South America from CIAT seed bank and 1 from Angola) were included in this study. 85 accessions were screened with 23 microsatellite markers uniformly distributed throughout the common bean genome, including the marker for phaseoline diversity analysis. Genetic distance values suggest high variability amongst Portuguese bean, while low variance within landraces indicates a high degree of uniformity within each landrace, reflecting their predominantly self-pollinated nature. While there seems to be no evident connection between geographic and genetic distances amongst Portuguese beans, a clear population structure, with 3 separated clusters, was identified, being most of the Portuguese landraces placed closer to the Andean domesticated gene pool. Those clusters are in accordance with the phaseoline patterns found among the bean landraces.With these results, we expect to deepen the understanding of the existing diversity in the common bean Portuguese germplasm, and pave the way for future improvement efforts based on this valuable and unexplored resource.

common bean; landraces; Portugal; microsatellite markers; diversity; plant genetic resources

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