engleski

Elements of ethnic and civic conception of national identity, national pride and ethnic intolerance among Croatian youth

Theoretical and empirical approaches to national identity have long differentiated between “civic” and “ethnic” conceptions of national identity expecting different relationships of these conceptions with intolerance towards immigrants and ethnic minorities (Hjerm, 1998 ; Smith 2001 ; Billiet, Maddens and Beerten, 2003). Despite long history of this distinction results are not univocal with regard to relationship between ethnic and civic conception ; some studies confirmed expected negative relation, while other showed positive relationship (Meeus, Duriez, Vanbeselaere, & Boen, 2010 ; Pehrson, Brown & Zagefka, 2009 ; Pehrson, Vignoles & Brown, 2009 ; Reeskens & Hooghe, 2010). Moreover, the results of survey research are not consistent with regard to expected positive relationship between intolerance towards immigrants and ethnic minorities and more ethnic conception of national identity and negative relationship between intolerance and more civic conception (Pehrson et al 2009). This study will address whether the distinction between ethnic and civic conception of national identity can be made based of four items applied in the My PLACE survey questionnaire (to be able to speak the national language, to respect political institutions and laws ; to have been born in country, to have at least one ethnic parent). In addition, the study will reveal how much encompassed elements of ethnic and civil conception of national identity are prevalent among surveyed Croatian youth and how these conceptions are related to general intolerance towards ethnic minorities (summary score on 8 items towards four specific ethnic minority groups), as well as, to intolerance toward four specific ethnic minority groups (Roma people, Jews, Muslim, Serbs, each based on two items). In exploring the relationship between conception of national identity and intolerance towards ethnic minorities several models will be tested. In addition to expected different relationship between (elements of) ethnic and civic conception of national identity and intolerance, the study will also explore possible additive, as well interactive, effects of national pride on relationship between (elements of) ethnic and civic conception of citizenship and intolerance. Results are interpreted in the terms of general problems with theoretical and operational conceptualizations of ethnic and civic conception of national identity, problems with operationalization of intolerance toward minorities by explicit self-reported survey measures. In addition the importance of taking into account the different salience of specific ethnic minority groups in national context will be stresses.

ethnic and civic national identity; youth; intolerance towards ethnic minorities

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