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Solar District Heating Challenge in Dalmatian

Low energy and low density energy consumption, mostly due to residential sector, is most pronounced in Dalmatian in two periods - from March to the end of May and again from the middle of September to the middle of November. The energy consumption from the middle of November to the end of February is becoming higher due to the space heating, which is mostly covered by wood, electricity and heating oil. The energy consumption in June, July and August is also higher, mostly due to preparing sanitary hot water (SHW) for tourism and cooling. Dalmatian at present has no LNG network, while the distribution of LPG, particularly for the islands are not satisfactory in the summer season. The peaks of thermal energy demand in Dalmatian in winter and summer are therefore mostly covered by electricity. Many individual households use for heating in winter wood instead of electricity, avoiding high cost burden. The high levels of solar radiation (yearly average 5 kWh/m2d) in Dalmatian, offers opportunities for use of solar energy for preparing SHW, heating of swimming pools, space heating, block and district heating, air-conditioning, industrial process heating, and refrigeration. The realistic national targets are 80% substitution of electricity for preparing SHW until 2010 and 50% substitution of electricity, wood and heating oil consumption for the space heating until 2020 in the Region. District heating plants of the “Marstal” type, having large solar collector area (~10.000 m2), could economically produce the low temperature heat at the price, which is competitive with fossil energy sources and electricity. Macroeconomic spin-offs of going solar at the economy of scales are very serious - new jobs, foreign investments, new and clean energy technologies for local use and exports, revitalization of local industry production, large savings of fossil imports, lower environmental burden, positive effects in tourism and many others. Going solar at the economy of scales means at the same time more engagement of solar and industry experts from EU member countries, which is the real first step necessary for all future Euro-integration’s of Croatia.

Solar energy; District heating; block heating; reference plant.

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