engleski

Persistent left cranial cardinal vein in a dog

During early embryonic development three pairs of major veins are presented: vitelline veins, umbilical veins and cardinal veins. The paired cranial cardinal veins drain blood from the head and neck. Cranial cardinal veins give rise to the external and internal jugular veins, brachiocephalic vein and cranial vena cava. During anatomical dissection we have observed a persistent left cranial cardinal vein (left cranial vena cava) in one dog. Caudal to the right subclavia vein, a thin left cranial cardinal vein arose and branched into two branches: the internal thoracic vein and costocervical vein. This vein was much thicker than cranial vena cava. After branching, the cranial cardinal vein run caudoventrally, passed laterally the aortic arch (ventrally to the brachiocephalic trunk), pulmonary trunk and left auricle. Caudally to the left auricle this vein run to the coronary sulcus toward caudal vena cava and entered the coronary sinus. Persistent left cranial cardinal vein in dogs are rare, unlike in humans were it represents the most common congenital venous anomaly of the thoracic venous system. Considering that the anomaly has been perceived as an accidental finding during anatomical dissection, and according to anamnestic data, the dog did not have any clinical manifestation of this condition.

left cranial cardinal vein; dog

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