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The current situation of water supply and sewerage in Croatia

Croatia is located in an area rich in quality water. According to the estimated amount of water per capita it is in the fifth place in Europe, and forty- second in the world. The total length of all natural and man-made waterways in Croatia is estimated at about 32, 000 km. Groundwater has special significance as the most important source of public water supply . Renewable groundwater reserves in the Republic of Croatia are estimated at about 9 million m3/year. According to the census in 2001, Croatia has 4, 437, 460 inhabitants living in 6759 settlements . The amount of water per capita is 16 700 m3 , which is more than enough for its own needs . However, only 75 % of the population has access to water supply and only 40% has sewage system. According to the data of January 2010 , public water systems draw water from 376 pumping stations . The total number of wells in public water supply ( groundwater wells and a small number of surface water supplies ) is 673 and the Croatian Institute of Public Health carried out monitoring in order to control the safety of drinking water. According to data from „Hrvatske vode“, of about 389 million m3 of water consumed in 2009 , 132 million m3 is used by industry, while the consumption of drinking water, i.e. water that is distributed exclusively by public water suppliers it totaled at 257 million m3 (66% ): 178 million m3 for households and 79 million m3 for industry. These amounts do not include consumption of local water and individual interventions for which there are currently no records. . Generally, in Croatia drainage is greatly underdeveloped in comparison to water supply water in utility sector. Since 40 % of the population lives in 6427 smaller settlements (settlements counting up to 2000 inhabitants) and about 800 000 inhabitants live in 5387 settlements of up to 500 inhabitants, there is a need for a separate analysis of technology , collection , treatment and wastewater disposal in relation to the size of a settlement . Specific consumption in households is in the range of 113-149 l / capita/ day , with an average value of 135 l / capita / day. Specific flow of waste water from households is usually in the range of 85-90 % specific water consumption. Mixed sewage system ( sewage and storm water ) are most often used and rarely distribution system ( mainly waste water) . Public sewerage system covers 43.6% of Croatian population , with substantial differences between regions and even greater differences between counties and municipalities and cities . There are more than 100 wastewater treatment plants (WWTP ) of a total capacity of 3.7 million PE , where plants for previous and first level of treatment ( PE 1.45 million ) and plants for secondary treatment ( 2.15 million PE ) have approximately the same proportion . There is only one plants with tertiary treatment ( 0.1 million PE ) . Service water treatment covers about 27 % of the population or 61 % of the population connected to the public sewerage system . Significant capacities for wastewater treatment were built in towns with major industrial polluters and they are designed to satisfy economy needs, too . Annually, sewage systems collect 213 million m3 of wastewater (in average 2005th-2007th ) . Mostly it is households waste water (about 60 %). During longer period there has been a slight downward trend in the amount of collected wastewater which is the result of small amounts of waste water collected from economy activities . Approximately one third of collected wastewater is discharged into the environment without treatment . The remaining two-thirds are purified in some of the existing plants. Significant improvements in wastewater treatment occurred in 2004 and 2007 , when in Zagreb the first and second stage plant for wastewater treatment was released. By the 2007 the majority of wastewater was purified mechanically .

water supply; groundwater; sewerage; wastewater treatment plant; Croatia

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