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Metabolic Adaptations in Pregnancy in Lean and Obese Women – A Literature Review

Adaptation to pregnancy involves substantial metabolic changes in order to satisfy the increasing demands of the fetus. This article provides an insight into the recent findings on metabolic adaptations during normal pregnancy, with an overview of metabolic adaptations in obese women and possible effects of obesity on pregnancy outcomes. A comprehensive search was conducted during January, 2013 within the Pubmed and OvidSP databases. Early gestation can be viewed as an anabolic stage with an increase in maternal fat deposits, changes in insulin sensitivity and protein metabolism. Late pregnancy, may be described as a catabolic state with decreased insulin sensitivity, resulting in the increase in maternal glucose and free fatty acid concentration. Due to metabolic changes in pregnancy, decreased insulin sensitivity in particular, overweight pregnant women face higher risk of metabolic disorder during pregnancy, as well as short and long-term adverse pregnancy outcomes. Children of obese women also face higher risk of metabolic dysfunction. Increased obesity among women of reproductive age stress the need for better knowledge and understanding of metabolic occurrences during pregnancy and their effects on child’s growth, development and long-term health, as well as mother’s health after the pregnancy.

Metabolic Adaptation ; Pregnancy ; Obesity

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