engleski

Genotype, species and environment in forage pea/cereal mixtures

Produced forage quality is of crucial importance since the optimum dietary protein for lactating cows is about 16.5% of DM (Broderick, 2003) and overfeeding of concentrates, to compensate for low forage quality, usually has adverse effects on milk fat secretion and results in metabolic problems for the cow. Winter forage pea offers high yielding capability with desirable crude protein levels (22.1-15.8% in pea DM, Stjepanović et al, 2008) and is usually grown in mixtures with wheat of poorer quality (13.8- 10.0 crude protein in DM) to prevent lodging and increase DM yield. Genotype, species and environment largely influence the earliness, yielding capability and forage quality of winter forage pea/cereal mixtures. Early achieving desirable yields of winter forages provides for earlier establishment of subsequent forage crops (which are usually low in crude protein) thus ensuring a greater cumulative annual forage yield. Aim of the research was to investigate the pea genotype, cereal species and environmental conditions effects on the forage yield, pea partition and forage quality. The research was conducted with pea (two opposing types of cultivars) / cereal (wheat and triticale) mixtures in east Croatia in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 seasons. Environmental conditions greatly influenced the yields: in the late cutting terms in 2011 there were achieved yields of pea/wheat mixture from 7.05 (21st May) up to 15.67 (31st May) t/ha DM, whilst in 2012, in relatively earlier cutting terms, there were achieved yields of pea/wheat mixtures up to 5.75 t/ha DM (18th May) and of pea/triticale mixtures up to 7.55 t/ha DM (18th May). Research has revealed that new bred forage pea cultivar Letin combined trait of early development and afila leaf trait, so providing higher yields in early terms, greater pea partition in the yield and improved lodging resistance compared to conventional cultivar Osječki zeleni. Triticale has shown faster development, greater DM yields and lower pea partition in mixtures compared to wheat. The pure pea mixture of two investigated cultivars has shown satisfactory lodging resistance and relatively high DM yield of 6.59 t/ha (18th May). Quality of mixtures was strongly related to the pea partition in the yield. Broderick, G. A. 2003. Effects of Varying Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on the Production of Lactating Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86:1370-1381. Stjepanović, M., Gantner, R., Popović, S., Čupić, T., Knežević, M., Vranić, M. 2008. Forage value of winter pea/wheat mixture at different terms of cutting. Krmiva 50(1):11-17.

forage ; pea ; cereal ; yield

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