engleski

Micromorphological traits and essential oil contents of Stachys iva Griseb. and S. horvaticii Micevski (Lamiaceae)

The genus Stachys L. (Lamiaceae) includes 300 (–450) annual or perennial herbs and small shrubs with a nearly worldwide distribution. Fifty eight Stachys species have been described for Europe (1). The types and distribution of trichomes, and chemical composition of the essential oil were investigated in endemic Stachys iva Griseb. and S. horvaticii Micevski (Lamiaceae) growing in Republic of Macedonia. Attenuate non-glandular (NG) trichomes, and two types of glandular capitate trichomes (type 1 composed of one basal epidermal cell, one stem cell and a unicellular head cell with subcuticular space ; type 2 composed of one elevated basal epidermal cell, one stem cells, and a head composed of four, sometimes two small cells) were observed on leaves, calyx and the stem. NG trichomes are also present in Stachys ehrenbergii and S. distans (2). Trichomes comparable to capitate trichomes type 1 are present in Stachys ehrenbergii and Micromeria fruticosa (2, 3) while type 2 are known from Stachys cretica, S. distans, S. neurocalycina, S. nivea, S. palaestina and S. recta (3, 4). Water distilled essential oils from aerial parts of investigated plants have been analysed by GC and GC/MS using VF-5ms capillary column. Total yield of all oil was 0.1% in both species, based on dry weight of samples. The essential oil of S. iva was characterized by a high concentration of caryophyllene oxide (24.2%), E-caryophyllene (9.2%) and spathulenol (8.3%). Caryophyllene oxide and E-caryophyllene were also identified as major compounds in the oil of Stachys germanica, S. scardica, S. plumosa and S. iva (5). The major compounds of the essential oil of S. horvaticii from locality Veles were hexadecanoic acid (35.7%), caryophyllene oxide (12.8%) γ-cadinene (12.2%), and δ-cadinene (9.3%). The oil of S. horvaticii from locality Kavadrci was characterized by a high concentration of hexadecanoic acid (48.4%). According to Conforti et al. (6), hexadecanoic acid was the major component in the oil of Stachys cretica, S. germanica, S. hydrophila, S. nivea, S.palustris, and S. spinosa. The present study gives additional knowledge about micromorphological traits and essential oil contents on the genus Stachys.

non-glandular trichomes; glandular trichomes; caryophyllene oxide; hexadecanoic acid

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