engleski

Comparative Analysis of the District Heating Systems in Croatia and Denmark

District heating systems are one of the elements that can help meet the goals set by the EU Directives for the reduction of primary energy consumption. Therefore, they are of high interest to both Croatia and Denmark. DH systems are essential for their heat production that can be produced with a wide variety of energy sources with high efficiency. Heat energy for DH can be produced by high-efficiency cogeneration or the use of renewable energy sources like geothermal heat and heat pumps. The advantage of DH systems are substantial and include secure heat energy supply, primary energy savings, and they also have greater means of regulating energy consumption. Numbers like 63% of all Danish dwellings, and 11% of households in Croatia that are heated by district heating systems, show the relevance of these systems. This thesis compares DH systems in Zagreb and Aalborg in order to see their similarities and differences from which conclusions are drawn on how to improve the systems. The method chosen for this thesis is the comparative analysis. Different parts of district heating system are analyzed point by point. In this way, the data is organized and structured so to allow clear and concise comparison. The results of the comparative analysis show that Aalborg DH system is more advanced than Zagreb DH system. This advantage is prominent in aspects of supply, demand, distribution and economic spheres. As a result of this difference, more improvement could be stated for Zagreb DH than Aalborg DH. Some of the possible improvements include lowering specific heat and water losses, which are 68%, and 36 times lower in Aalborg DH. Systematic replacements and refurbishments of the old network pipes are key to this. Supply temperature, which is correlated with heat losses, could be lower in both DH systems. Further advances in both systems must be made in heat supply. In Zagreb new CHP unit could be built and in Aalborg more excess heat from the industry should be use. Further integration of the renewable energy sources should be achieved in both systems. Technological advancements and market forces are expected to bring new technologies in heat generation in DH systems such as waste to energy plants, geothermal plants, biomass CHP, solar thermal, and heat pumps run by the electricity from wind turbines, hydroelectricity plants and photovoltaic systems.

District heating; Zagreb; Aalborg; supply; demand; renewable energy sources

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