engleski

Urinary tract infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs), according to localization of infection, can be subdivided into urethritis, cystitis, prostatitis and pyelonephritis, according to type of infection into symptomatic, asymptomatic, acute (first or selected), recurrent, chronic, complicated and uncomplicated. Clinical symptoms of cystitis and leukocyturia are sufficient reason for early initiation of a three day empirical antimicrobial therapy of acute uncomplicated cystitis in young women. First choice drugs include co-trimoxazole and fluoroquinolones and alternatives are b-lactam antibiotics and nitrofurantoin. Urine culture should be performed prior to the initiation of antimicrobial therapy in pregnant women, diabetics, recurrent UTIs, in case of unsuccessful prior treatment and in patients with pyelonephritis. Patients with clinically more severe type of pyelonephritis and pregnant women should be hospitalized and treated for 10-14 days. Asymptomatic bacteriuria should be treated in pregnant women and prior to urologic-gynecologic surgery. Chemoprophylaxis in recurrent uncomplicated UTIs should be employed for at least 6 months through the administration of a prophylactic dose of co-trimoxazole, fluoroquinolone or nitrofurantoin every or every third evening; or immediately after sexual intercourse; through self-administration of a three day antimicrobial therapy immediately after the onset of UTI symptoms or through the use of estrogenic vaginal cremes in women in postmenopause. UTIs can be prevented everyday through life habits - drinking at least 1.5 l of fluid daily, regular urination and proper personal hygiene.

Urinary tract infections

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