engleski

Anatomic variations of the neck muscles in dogs

Muscle variations are common in humans, as well as in both wild and domestic animals. They are defi ned as additional muscle bundles or bellies, unusual insertions or even complete absence of the muscle. In this manuscript, we have described different variations of neck muscles in dogs. Fifty-seven medium sized dogs of different breeds, sex and ages were dissected between 2005 and 2011, within gross anatomy course. These variations were observed in four (7.02%) dogs and have included the sternohyoideus, stylohyoideus, sternocephalicus and scalenus dorsalis muscle. One dog presented three muscle variations (left sternohyoideus muscle, left and right stylohyoidues muscle), another two dogs showed two muscle variations (left and right sternocephalicus muscle) and one dog had one muscle variation (left scalenus dorsalis muscle). Muscle variations were observed bilaterally three times and once involved the stylohyoideus muscle and in the other two cases, the sternocephalicus muscle. The close phylogenetic relationship explains the observed muscle variations. Our description of neck muscle variations in dogs is a contribution to phylogenetic research and, in the terms of veterinary medicine, their presence has to be taken in account during surgical procedures of the neck region.

dog; anatomic variations; m. sternohyoideus; m. stylohyoideus; m. sternocephalicus; m. scalenus dorsalis

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