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Multi-apartment Buildings in Croatia: Methods and Techniques of Protection in the Process of Energy Renovation

The reduction of energy consumption by 20% by the year 2020 is an obligation of all European Union member states, including the Republic of Croatia. It is required from all the states to carry out an analysis of energy performance pertaining to the existing building stock of various uses and introduce cost-benefit measures to ensure energy efficiency. Reduction of energy consumption also entails CO2 and greenhouse gas emission reduction. The Residential Building Energy Efficiency Improvement Programme for the Period 2013-2020 proposed by the Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning aims to ensure renovation of residential buildings, which make 70% of the entire building stock in the Republic of Croatia, for the purposes of improving their energy performance. Multi-apartment buildings make 2/3 of all residential buildings in the continental part of the country, which clearly indicates renovation and energy savings potential. One half of Croatia’s entire housing stock is comprised of buildings built prior to 1970, that is before the first regulations on thermal protection of buildings. The energy performance of buildings is analyzed through five periods according to the age and type of building and the energy efficiency status of buildings, and depending on the existence of thermal protection regulations: 1. buildings built prior to 1940 – mainly with massive structures (stone, brick) and wooden ceilings without thermal insulation of exterior walls ; 2. buildings built in the period 1940-1970 – mainly with “thin” reinforced concrete massive structures without thermal insulation ; 3. buildings built in the period 1970-1987 – mainly with “thin” reinforced concrete massive structures with minimal thermal insulation ; 4. buildings built in the period 1987-2006 – regulations on the biggest specific transmission heat loss of buildings and allowed ventilation heat loss introduced rational use of thermal energy ; 5. new buildings after 2006 have been built in accordance with the Technical Regulation on Thermal Energy Savings and Thermal Protection in Buildings (NN 79/05). Measures which ensure increased energy efficiency through increased thermal protection of multi-apartment buildings should be applied to the buildings dating prior to 1987. Additional energy consumption reduction measures should be applied to the buildings erected in the period 1987-2006, while new projects should promote the construction of passive and low-energy buildings. Architectural and engineering measures for increasing energy efficiency foresee interventions which need to be made on the exterior walls of the buildings and parts of the walls facing unheated spaces and the ground as well as window replacement. Analyzed data will serve as a basis for creating the model of referential multi- apartment buildings for which energy performance can be determined. Energy efficiency renovation of multi-apartment buildings ensures multiple benefits for both the residents (through immediate impact on the reduction of utility costs and more comfortable and healthier living) and for the entire community (through reduced energy consumption and smaller negative environmental impact).

thermal insulation ; energy efficiency ; renovation ; energy retrofit ; energy performance ; multi-apartment building

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