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The relation of glucose and adipokines to birth weight in type 1 diabetic pregnancy

Introduction. Pregnancy is associated with major changes in woman’s hormonal status and metabolism. In the past several years the role of adipokines has been linked to the development of maternal insulin resistance and consequently fetal growth. The aim of this study was to establish relationships between the levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, leptin and adiponectin in maternal and umbilical vein serum and birth weight in Type 1 diabetic pregnancies (T1DM) and also in healthy pregnancies. Methods. The study included 120 pregnant women divided into 4 groups: 30 suffering from type 1 diabetic pregnancy (T1DM) who gave birth to eutrophic and 30 who gave birth to macrosomic infants ; 30 from Control group (CTRL) who gave birth to eutrophic and 30 who gave birth to macrosomic infants. Samples of the mother’s vein blood and the umbilical vein blood were taken immediately after the birth. Serum insulin, C- peptide, leptin and adiponectin levels were quantified by ELISA. Results. Fetal macrosomia is associated with higher level of leptin in the fetal serum in both groups (T1DM: p=0.049 ; CTRL: p=0.031). Fetal levels of glucose and insulin have an influence on birth weight in the Control group (glucose: p=0.002 ; insulin: p=0.015). Adiponectin levels are higher in the maternal (p=0.001) and fetal serum (p<0.001) in eutrophic newborns of healthy pregnant women compared to the macrosomic newborns. Conclusion. The fetal growth is a complex process. Our results confirmed the relation between leptin and insulin levels and birth weight. They also suggest that adiponectin may be involved in the fetal growth.

adiponectin ; leptin ; type 1 diabetes ; pregnancy

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