engleski

The mixed-type approach to finite-element analysis of geometrically linear beams resting on linear and non-linear Winkler soil models

The mixed-type approach to the finite-element analysis of geometrically linear beams resting on linear and non-linearWinkler soil models is discussed in this paper. The development of the standard Bernoulli beam stiffness matrix is compared to the development of the shear-stiff second-order Timoshenko beam, to show that the two approaches lead to differentWinkler-type soil stiffness contribution while retaining the same expression for the beam stiffness. Extending the mixed-type formalism into both of these elements by additionally interpolating the distributed soil-reaction field, soil-stiffness contributions tend to differ additionally. In this way four different elements are obtained, with one, two, three and four independently interpolated fields. In our earlier research (Jagodnik et al. 2013) it has been demonstrated that for a linear Winkler soil model, the mixed-type element with four interpolated fields shows the best convergence properties, while the one-field element is the least convergent. In this paper we extend the earlier results to a non-linearWinkler soil model and compare the results to the field tests on laterally loaded piles in natural sandy gravels.

mixed-type approach; Winkler-type soil; non-linear Winkler soil model

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