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The evaluation of risk for obstructive sleep apnea in patients with type 2 diabetes

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with type 2 diabetes using STOP questionnaire (Snoring, Tiredness, Observed, Pressure, STOP). Excessive daytime sleepiness was evaluated with Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Previous studies support the idea that glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes might represent risk factors for OSA. Methods: A total of 252 patients with type 2 diabetes were surveyed during regular visits in Centre for diabetes, endocrinology and metabolic diseases of University Hospital Split. All patients completed the Croatian version of ESS and STOP questionnaire. Results: Our study indicates that 156 patients (61.9%) have increased risk for OSA according to STOP questionnaire results. In addition, those at high risk for OSA were older (65 versus 61 years of age, P < 0.05), had higher body mass index (BMI, 28.6 ± 5.1 versus 26.5 ± 4.1, P < 0.001), higher neck circumference (41.5 ± 4.7 versus 39.6 ± 6.2, P < 0.009), and had excessive daytime sleepiness according to ESS score (5.3 ± 3.1 versus 3.9 ± 2.5, P < 0.001). Individuals with type 2 diabetes reported to have conditions that usually correlate with OSA, mainly hypertension (46%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (28%), depression (10%), and asthma (8%). Conclusion: Based on current evidence from literature, OSA could be related to clinical conditions such as diabetes and essential hypertension. More epidemiological data are needed regarding prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in Croatian patients with type 2 diabetes. Our findings indicate relevance of STOP questionnaire as an useful screening tool for obstructive sleep apnea in Croatian patients with type 2 diabetes.

obstructive sleep apnea; questionnaires; STOP; Epworth sleepiness scale; type 2 diabetes

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