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Several small finds from Burnum and Tilurium as a glimpse into the Roman soldiers' sexuality

Several small finds associated with sexual representations were found on the territory of the Roman fortresses of Burnum and Tilurium, situated in the Roman province of Dalmatia. A dozen phallic pendants from Burnum, as well as four similar ones from Tilurium are known ; among them, several different types can be determined. These pendants also had apotropaic function. Erotic and sensual symbolism can be found on three engraved gems, offering us a closer look into the personal sensual desires and expectations of their owners. On the carnelian from Tilurium a Venus Pudica is shown with the inscription Korinthoi, perhaps suggesting a link with the Aphrodite temple in Corinth, well-known for the temple prostitution. On the red jasper from Tilurium a scene of satyr embracing a maenad is depicted, bearing a direct allusion to sexual act. On the glass gem from Burnum a genre scene of two cupids is shown, with one cupid sitting on the ground with his hands tied behind his back, while the other one is standing in front of him. The motive of Cupid bound relates to the reduced power of Cupid, who is no longer able to arouse desire. These small finds from military sites of Tilurium and Burnum, though not numerous, still offer an insight into the sexuality of Roman soldiers.

small finds; Burnum; Tilurium; engraved gems; lamps; Roman soldiers; sexuality

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